Bioavailability Enhancement of Ritonavir by Solid Dispersion Technique

Authors

Abstract

Ritonavir is an antiretroviral agent used in the treatment of HIV-infection. It is a BCS class IV drug having poor aqueous solubility leading to poor bioavailability. Bioavailability is the amount of drug that enters the systemic circulation. The bioavailability is affected by various factors like solubility, dissolution and stability. In order to improve bioavailability, many techniques like solid dispersions, nanoparticles, liposomes, encapsulation methods were present. The main aim of this study is to improve the bioavailability of ritonavir with the help of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 by using solid dispersion technique. Different formulations were made with varied concentrations of polymer. Characterization of solid dispersion was done by phase solubility, drug content, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and in-vitro dissolution studies.  From phase solubility studies that apparent solubility constant was found to be 42.227M-1. The drug content of the binary system of ritonavir and PVP was found to be ranging from 99.17% to 103.06%. %. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no drastic change in the wave number indicating polymer compatibility with drug. In-vitro dissolution studies proved that there was an increase in drug release of ritonavir with incremental ratios of polymer and F5 formulation has shown almost 95% of drug release.

Keywords: Bioavailability, Solid dispersion, Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, Solvent evaporation, Dissolution.

Keywords:

Bioavailability, Solid dispersion, Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, Solvent evaporation, Dissolution

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i5.4983

Author Biographies

Teja Velupula, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Gayathri Devi Amboru, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Sneha Chowdary Gundapaneni, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Bhavya Kadiyala, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Phani Sreenidhi Kanakagiri, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Supraja Kari, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Vyshnavi Kota, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Venkata Ramana Maddula, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Rama Rao Nadendla, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034, India

References

Tekade AR, Yadav JN. A Review on Solid Dispersion and Carriers Used Therein for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Adv Pharm Bull. 2020; 10(3):359-369. doi:10.34172/apb.2020.044 https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2020.044

Nagesh, C., Shankaraiah Mm, Attimarad Sl, M. Patila, V. Kumar and M. Mandal. Improving the solubility and dissolution of ritonavir by solid dispersion. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation 2 (2013):30-35. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.02449

Kumar B; Solid Dispersion- A Review; Pharma Tutor; 2017; 5(2):24-29.

Kumari B, Bishnoi HK, Solid dispersion: its types and mechanism of enhancement of solubility by solid dispersion. Journal of Pharma Research, 2019; 8(3):65-71.

Sinha S, Ali M, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Kumar A, Ali J. Solid dispersion as an approach for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drug ritonavir. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2010 Jun; 11(2):518-27. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-010-9404-1

Swathi, P. and Y. Kumar. "Formulation and Evaluation of Ritonavir Solid Dispersions." International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 2017; 6:2522-2529. https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(2).2522-2529

Jagtap S, Magdum C, Jadge D, Jagtap R. Solubility enhancement technique: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Res Int. 2018; 10(9):2205-2211.

Pekamwar S. S, Kankudte A. D, Kale G.K; Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Lopinavir by Using Different Technique. Int. J. Pharm. 2015; 6(9):663-669. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.069130

Mankar S, Rach P R. Solubility enhancement of poor water -soluble drugs by solid dispersion: a review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2018; 8(5):44-9. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1887

Nagesh C, Shankaraiah M, Attimarad SL, Patil AM, Vijay kumar. Improving the solubility and dissolution of Ritonavir by Solid Dispersion. JPharm Sci Innov. 2013; 2(4):30-35. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.02449

Sarada, Lohithasu, Chamundeswari, Midhun Kumar and Ramya; Enhancement of Dissolution Rate of Ritonavir: A Comparative study using various Carriers and Techniques; International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention, 2015; 4(8):44-58.

Hari Hara Nadh T., Sivaram Kumar P., Venkata Ramana M, Rama Rao, N. 2021. Formulation and Optimization of Zolmitriptan Orodispersible Tablets. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2021; 11(3):50-57. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3.4703

Dalia S, Mohamed G, Mohammed T. Comparative Studies on Dissolution and Bioavailability of Tamoxifen Citrate Loaded Binary and Ternary Solid Dispersions. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 4(2):215-229. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2014/6072

Pekamwar S.S., Kankudte A.D., Kale G.K., formulation and evaluation of solid dispersion of lopinavir by using different technique. Int. J. Pharm. 2015; 6(9):663-669. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.069130

Published

2021-09-15
Statistics
Abstract Display: 1149
PDF Downloads: 808
PDF Downloads: 445

How to Cite

1.
Velupula T, Amboru GD, Gundapaneni SC, Kadiyala B, Kanakagiri PS, Kari S, et al. Bioavailability Enhancement of Ritonavir by Solid Dispersion Technique. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2021 Sep. 15 [cited 2026 Jan. 21];11(5):52-6. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/4983

How to Cite

1.
Velupula T, Amboru GD, Gundapaneni SC, Kadiyala B, Kanakagiri PS, Kari S, et al. Bioavailability Enhancement of Ritonavir by Solid Dispersion Technique. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2021 Sep. 15 [cited 2026 Jan. 21];11(5):52-6. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/4983

Most read articles by the same author(s)