Antibacterial Activity of Mirabilis jalapa Leaves (Karifuma) Extract Against Bacterial Wound Infection from Patients Attending Rango Health Center
Abstract
Background: Mirabilis jalapa is a perennial herbaceous bushy plant with several pharmacological activities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, diuretic and anthelmintic. Wound infections are a major public health concern in Rwanda, with 8% of the general population having difficulties controlling them and 25% of those above 60 years old. Traditional medicine is used to treat many conditions such as chest infections, coughs, snake-bites and burns. Mirabilis jalapa seeds have been reported to be effective against bacteria causing wound infections. Aim: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Mirabilis jalapa leaves extract against infected wound bacteria from patients attending Rango Health Center.
Methods: Cross sectional study design and maceration method was used in Mirabilis jalapa leaves extraction with Methanol, Ethanol, Diethyl ether and Distilled water as solvents.
Results: Different extracts were obtained according to the solvents with different volumes and concentrations. The highest extract volume obtained was Distilled water with 6 ml and the least was Diethyl ether with 2.7 ml. In 71 participants who had wound infection, 42% had a bacterial infection. Among them, 25% had Staphylococcus aureus, 7% had Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6% had Escherichia coli, and 4% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through the agar well diffusion method, Methanol extracts showed the highest inhibition zones while distilled water extracts exhibited the lowest inhibition zones to the isolated bacteria.
Conclusion: The study confirms the antibacterial activity of the Mirabilis jalapa leaves extract against infected wound bacteria, with methanol and ethanol being the best solvents.
Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa leaves, wound infections, antibacterial activity
Keywords:
Mirabilis jalapa leaves, wound infections, antibacterial activityDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i6.6633References
Saha S, Deb J, Deb NK. Review on Mirabilis jalapa L., (Nyctaginaceae ): A medicinal plant. Int J Herb Med;2020;8(2):14-8.
Singh M, Mittal SK, Kalia AN. Mirabilis Jalapa- A Review;2012;1(3):22-43.
Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, Tayseer Ali Talab, Wajdi M. Jabbar, Ali M. Alqahtani. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Mirabilis jalapa- A review. Int J Biol Pharm Sci Arch. 2021;1(2):034-45. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0303
Muthumani M, Devi P, Meera R, Kameswari B, Eswarapriya B. In vitro antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Mirabilis jalapa leaves. Internet J Microbiol. 2010;7(2):559-64. https://doi.org/10.5580/fe6
WHO. The magnitude and causes of injuries. Geneva World Heal Organ.2014;20. Available,from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/media/news/2015/Injury_violence_facts_2014/en/
Iredell J. Antimicrobial resistance. Microbiol Aust. 2019;40(2):55-6. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA19016
Puspasari P, Saputri FC. Effect of the water extract of the four o'clock herb (Mirabilis Jalapa L.) on the healing of open wounds in rats. Int J Appl Pharm. 2018;10(Special Issue 1):155-8. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.33
Puca V, Marulli RZ, Grande R, Vitale I, Niro A, Molinaro G, et al. Microbial species isolated from infected wounds and antimicrobial resistance analysis: Data emerging from a three-years retrospective study. Antibiotics. 2021;10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101162 PMid:34680743 PMCid:PMC8532735
Ramathal DC, Ngassapa OD. Medicinal plants used by Rwandese traditional healers in refugee camps in Tanzania. Pharm Biol. 2001;39(2):132-7. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.39.2.132.6251
Tambun R, Alexander V, Ginting Y. Performance comparison of maceration method, soxhletation method, and microwave-assisted extraction in extracting active compounds from soursop leaves (Annona muricata): A review. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2021;1122(1):012095. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1122/1/012095
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK.Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal [Internet]. 2016;6(2):71-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005 PMid:29403965 PMCid:PMC5762448
Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms. 2021;9(10):1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041 PMid:34683362 PMCid:PMC8541629
European Parliament. Annex Part a : Methods for the Determination of Physicochemical Properties Available from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/docs_autres_institutions/commission_europeenne/comitologie/droit_de_reglementation_avec_controle/2007/COM-AC_DRC(2007)CMT-2007-2696-4_EN.pdf
Sofowora A, Ogunbodede E, Onayade A. The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;10(5):210-29. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.2 PMid:24311829 PMCid:PMC3847409
Nanda BL, Antioxidant and anticancer activity of edible flowers, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019;9(3-s):290-295
Abubakar AR, Haque M. Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Vol. 12, Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2020. p. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19 PMid:32801594 PMCid:PMC7398001
Quitério E, Grosso C, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Soares C . A Critical Comparison of the Advanced Extraction Techniques Applied to Obtain Health-Promoting Compounds from Seaweeds. Mar Drugs. 2022;20(11):1-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110677 PMid:36355000 PMCid:PMC9695316
Truong DH, Nguyen DH, Ta NTA, Bui AV, Do TH, Nguyen HC. Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of severinia buxifolia. J Food Qual. 2019;2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8178294
Bessa LJ, Fazii P, Di Giulio M, Cellini L. Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: Some remarks about wound infection. Int Wound J. 2015;12(1):47-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12049 PMid:23433007 PMCid:PMC7950398
Esebelahie N, Newton-Esebelahie F, Omoregie R. Aerobic bacterial isolates from infected wounds. African J Clin Exp Microbiol. 2013;14(3):155-9. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v14i3.6
Poovendran P. Antimicrobial activity of Mirabilis Jalapa and Dichrotachys cinerea against biofilm and extended spectrum of beta lactamase (ESBL) producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli. African J Microbiol Res. 2011;5(22). https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.116
Mohammed T, Mohammed S, Elzain A, Hussien E. Journal of Chemical Science Housefly. 2019;2(3):122-5
Published
Abstract Display: 316 
PDF Downloads: 193 PDF Downloads: 45 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.