Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Healing Properties of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam) Pers of the Togolese Flora
Abstract
Natural herbal remedies have always been important in the management of skin disorders and the treatment of skin infections due to limited access to pharmaceuticals and the affordable cost of herbal products. K. Pinnata is a plant used as a medicinal herb by almost all traditional medicines in tropical Africa. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the antioxidant and healing properties of K. pinnata (Lam) pers extract from Togolese flora. The hydroethanol extract of K. pinnata (Lam) pers was subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity screening models, such as molybdate reduction, iron reduction assay (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging assay. A 1.5 cm diameter excision wound model was also used to assess the plant's healing activity. Wistar rats were treated after excision by topical application of vaseline, vaseline supplemented with 3% (EHKP 3%) and 10% (EHKP 10%) hydroethanol extract of K. pinnata (Lam) pers leaves, sulfadiazine (reference), or no treatment (negative control). Total antioxidant activity by the molybdate reduction method was 0.12 ± 0.01 µg EAA/mg EL, while the iron reduction assay (FRAP) showed an antioxidant capacity of 4.21 ± 0.04 mol Eq FeS04/ g extract and 10.17 ± 0.03 mol Eq FeS04/ g extract respectively for extract concentrations of 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. In addition, the extract showed a dose-dependent ability to trap the DPPH radical. Results showed a significant reduction in wound surface area in animals treated with 10% EHKP. The hydroxyproline assay showed a significant difference in collagen production in animals treated with 10% EHKP, compared with the control group (P < 0.001) and the vaseline group (P < 0.01) on the last day. Histological analysis showed rapid re-epithelialization in animals treated with the extracts.
Keywords: K. pinnata, Antioxidant activity, Healing activity, Hydroxyproline
Keywords:
Kalanchoe pinnata, Antioxidant activity, ealing activity, HydroxyprolineDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i10.6834References
Baidoo MF, Mensah AY, Ossei PPS, Asante-Kwatia E, Amponsah IK, Wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaf and stem bark of Entada africana Guill. & Perr, South African Journal of Botany, 2021;137: 52 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.037
Young A and McNaught C-E, The physiology of wound healing, Surgery (Oxford), 2011;29(10):475 479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.06.011
Ghomi ER, Innovations in drug delivery for chronic wound healing, Current pharmaceutical design, 2022;28(5):340 351. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210714102304
Cacioppo JT and Hawkley LC, Social isolation and health, with an emphasis on underlying mechanisms, Perspectives in biology and medicine, 2003; 46(3):S39 S52. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2003.0063
Azame TL, Tembe FE, Njinkio NB, Ngoupayo J, Fokunang CN, Phytochemical screening, healing activity and acute toxicity of the sap of the root of Musanga cecropioides and the aqueous extract of the whole plant Acmella caulirhiza in wistar rats , Health Sci Dis, 2020; 21(1): 1 10.
El-Sherbeni SA and Negm WA, The wound healing effect of botanicals and pure natural substances used in in vivo models , Inflammopharmacol, 2023; 31(2):755 772, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01157-5
Falanga V, Chronic wounds, Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2022; 8(1):50 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00377-3
Nussbaum SR, An economic evaluation of the impact, cost, and medicare policy implications of chronic nonhealing wounds, Value in health, 2018; 21(1): 27 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.07.007
Vitale S, Colanero S, Placidi M, Giovanna Di Emidio G, Carla Tatone C, Amicarelli F and D'Alessandro AM, Phytochemistry and Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants in Wound Healing: An Overview of Current Research, Molecules, 2022; 27(11):3566. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113566
Afzal M, Kazmi I, Khan R, Singh R, Chauhan M, Bisht T, Anwar F, Bryophyllum pinnatum: a review, Int J Res Biol Sci, 2012; 2(4):143-149.
Radji R and Kokou K, Classification et valeurs thérapeutiques des plantes ornementales du Togo, [VertigO] La revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement, 2013;13(3). https://doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.14519
Agbankpe AJ, Dougnon TV, Bankole SH, Houngbegnon O, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Baba-Moussa L, In vitro antibacterial effects of Crateva adansonii, Vernonia amygdalina and Sesamum radiatum used for the treatment of infectious diarrhoeas in Benin , J. Infect. Dis. Ther, 2016;4(3):1 7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000281
Porter LJ, Hrstich LN, Chan BG, The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin, Phytochemistry, 1985; 25(1):223 230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94533-3
Benzie IF and Strain JJ, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay, Anal Biochem, 1996; 239(1):70 76, https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
Agbodan KA, Dotse K, Koumaglo KH, Activités antioxydantes des huiles essentielles de trois plantes aromatiques acclimatées au Togo , International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014; 8(3):1103 1110. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i3.23
Şahin.F, Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, Food Control, 2004; 15(7): 549 557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2003.08.009
Ait-Mimoune N, Kada F, Drider H, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activities of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea and Salvia officinalis Essential Oils, Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 2023;67:122 129, https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1921
Sene M, Barboza FS, Top B, Ndiaye M, Sarr A, Fall AD and Sy GY, Activité cicatrisante de l'extrait aqueux des feuilles de Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae), International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2020;14(3):674-684. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.3
K. Metowogo et al., Burn wound healing effects of the root hydroethanolic extract of Cochlospermum planchonii in mic, International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2020;14(9):3275 3284. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.24
Imanuel B and Roy. L, Two Improved and Simplified Methods for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyproline, Anal. Chem, 1963; 35(12):1961 1965, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60205a053
Zouari Bouassida K, Bardaa S, Khimiri M, Rebaii T, Tounsi S, Jlaiel L and Trigui M, Exploring the Urtica dioica Leaves Hemostatic and Wound-Healing Potential, BioMed Research International, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1047523
Chowdhury KAA, Huq ME, Ali MS, Huq I, Royhan MJ, Adnan M, and Zaman, RU Antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata (LAM.) PERS, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2016; 5(4):309-315.
Simon JE, Morales MR, Phippen WB, Vieira RF, Hao Z, Basil: A source of aroma compounds and a popular culinary and ornamental herb, Perspectives on new crops and new uses, 1999; 16:499 505.
Tatsimo SJN, Tamokou JDD, Havyarimana L, Csupor D, Forgo P, Hohmann J and Tane P, Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of kaempferol rhamnoside derivatives from Bryophyllum pinnatum, BMC Research Notes. 2012; 5(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-158
Sindhu S and Manorama S, Exploration of antioxidant properties in various extracts of bryophyllum pinnatum (lank.), Research in Pharmacy, 2015; 3(4).
Jaiswal S, Chawla R, Sawhney S, Kalanchoe pinnata-A promising source of natural antioxidants, European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2014; 4(10):1210-1222. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2014/11374
Singh SK, Patel JR, Dangi A, Physicochemical, qualitative and quantitative determination of secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. leaf extracts, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019; 9(1):220 224. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2225
Nagappan T, Segaran TC, Wahid MEA, Ramasamy P, Vairappan CS, Efficacy of carbazole alkaloids, essential oil and extract of Murraya koenigii in enhancing subcutaneous wound healing in rats, Molecules, 2012;17(12):14449 14463. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171214449
Süntar I, Akkol EK, Keleş H, OktemA, Başer KHC, Yeşilada E, A novel wound healing ointment: a formulation of Hypericum perforatum oil and sage and oregano essential oils based on traditional Turkish knowledge, Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2011; 134(1):89 96, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.061
Tchalla K, Kantati YT, Hoekou Y, Kpoyizoun PK, Afankoutche PK, Melila M and Tchacondo T, Topical wound healing activity of an ointment based hydroethanolic leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus, 2024; 16:14-22.
Rajsekhar PB, BharaniRA, Ramachandran M, Angel KJ, Rajsekhar SPV, The "wonder plant" Kalanchoe pinnata (linn.) pers.: A review, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2016; 6(3):151 158. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2016.60326
Subramanian S, Duraipandian C, Alsayari A, Ramachawolran G, Wong LS, Sekar M, and Wahab S, Wound healing properties of a new formulated flavonoid-rich fraction from Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. leaves extract, Front. Pharmacol., 2023; 14, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1096905
Muralidhar A, Babu KS, Sankar TR, Reddanna P, Latha J, Wound healing activity of flavonoid fraction isolated from the stem bark of Butea monosperma (Lam) in albino wistar rats, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013; 3(6):1 6.
Bagher Z, Wound healing with alginate/chitosan hydrogel containing hesperidin in rat model, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2020; 55:101379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101379
Bolton JL and Dunlap T, Formation and Biological Targets of Quinones: Cytotoxic versus Cytoprotective Effects, Chem. Res. Toxico., 2017; 30(1):13 37, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00256
Cheurfa M and Allem R, Evaluation of antioxidant activity of different extracts of Aloysia triphylla leaves (L'Herit.) from Algeria in vitro, Phytothérapie, 2016; 14: 181 187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0969-4
Cotelle N, Role of flavonoids in oxidative stress, Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2001; 1(6):569 590. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026013394750
Dhumane S, Naik T, Shelke M, Dukare K, Dhongade K, Exploring the Therapeutic Potential: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2024; 14(2), https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i2.6282
Published
Abstract Display: 552 
PDF Downloads: 371 PDF Downloads: 114 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.