Career Development and Psychopathological Symptoms on Female Workers

Authors

Abstract

Women workers face a variety of challenges in the world of work.  In addition to facing dual role conflicts for married female workers, they also face various stressors at their jobs. This will leave women vulnerable and have an impact on workers' emotional well-being. This study sought to ascertain the connection between female workers' propensity for psychopathological symptoms and occupational stressors. One hundred and thirty-four female office workers were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Subjects were questioned about age, education, marital status, and years of work for describing respondents’ characteristics. The diagnostic stress survey and symptom checklist 90 were used for measuring work stressors and determining the tendency of psychopathological symptoms, respectively.  Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test,  the Fisher exact test, and logistic regression, where appropriate, with a meaningfulness level of p < 0,05.    Results show that quantitative workload stressors,  qualitative workloads, and career development are associated with psychopathological symptoms, but after continuing with  The Logistic regression test found that career development stressors were mainly associated with the appearance of psychopathological symptoms ( p= 0.003; OR= 10,069.95 % CI 2,238 – 45,296).  Female workers who experience barriers to career development have a 10-fold risk for the occurrence of psychopathological symptoms.

Keywords:  Female Worker,  work stressor, a psychopathological tendency

Keywords:

Female Worker, work stressor, psychopathological tendency

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i4.6010

Author Biographies

Lie Tanu Merijanti, Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia,

Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia,

Pusparini Pusparini, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Meiyanti Meiyanti, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Alvina Alvina, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Monica Dwi Hartanti, Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Muljadi Tjahjadi, Bureau of Industrial Human Resource Development, Ministry of Industry, Republic of Indonesia

Bureau of Industrial Human Resource Development, Ministry of Industry, Republic of Indonesia

References

Biro Pusat Statistik. Persentase tenaga kerja formal menurut jenis kelamin ( persen), 2019-2021. Available from https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/6/1170/1/persentase-tenaga-kerja-formal-menurut-jenis-kelamin.html

WHO. Occupational health: Stress at the workplace. WHO;2020. Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/ccupational-health-stress-at-the-workplace

American Psychological Association. Stress in America. Paying with our Health.APA; 2015: 11.

Mensah A. Job stress and mental well-being among working men and women in Europe: The Mediating role of social support. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public Health 2021,18,2494 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052494

Pow J, King DB, Stephenson E, DeLongis A. Does social support buffer the effects of occupational stress on sleep quality among paramedics? A daily diary study. J Occup Health Psychol. 2017; 22(1):71–85.

Rivera-Torres P, Araque-Padilla RA, Montero-Simó MJ. Job stress across gender: the importance of emotional and intellectual demands and social support in women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Jan 14; 10(1):375-89. https://doi: 10.3390/ijerph10010375. PMID: 23343989; PMCID: PMC3564148.

Hill NTM, Bailey E, Benson R, Cully G, Kirtley OJ, Purcell R, Rice S, et al. Researching the researchers: psychological distress and psychosocial stressors according to career stage in mental health researchers. BMC Psychology 2022; 10(19):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00728-5

Redekopp DE, Huston M. The broader aims of career development: mental health, well-being, and work. British Journal of Guidance &Counselling. 2019;47(2):246-257 https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1513451

Maulik PK. Workplace stress: A neglected aspect of mental health wellbeing. Indian J Med Res. 2017; 146(4):441-444. https://doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1298_17

Shiraki N, Doki S, Ikeda Y, Ikeda T, Takahashi T, Andrea CS, Hori D, et al. Differences in psychological distress between managers and non-managers in female workers: a cross-sectional study in Tsukuba Science City, Japan. Nagoya J. Med. Sci. 2021; 83. 63-74. https://doi:10.18999/nagjms.83.1.63

Solanki S, Mandaviya M. Does gender matter? Job stress, work-life balance, health and job satisfaction among University Teachers in India. Journal of International Women’s studies. 2021; 22(7):121-134. https://vc.bridegew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss7/10 12

Nolfe G, Mancini P, Mancusi R, Zontini G, Nolfe G. Work-related psychopathology: rates in different work activities and the relationship between subjective perception of work distress and psychiatric disturbances. Work. 2014; 47(4):501-8. https://doi: 10.3233/WOR-131619. PMID: 23531581.

Survey diagnosis stress. Available at https://idoc.pub/documents/survey-diagnosis-stress-9n0kj8e2z24v

Symptom Checklist- 90 (SCL 90). Available at https://arc.psych.wisc.edu/self-report/symptom-checklist-90-scl90/

Niati DR, Siregar ZME, Prayoga Y. The effect of training on work performance and career development: The role of motivation as intervening variable. Budapest International research and critics institute-Journal humanities and social sciences. 2021; 2385-2393. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1940

Lai Y, Saridakis G, Blackburn R. Job stress in the United Kingdom: Are small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises different? Stress & Health. 2013; 31(3);222 – 235. Available at https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2549

Fiori M, Bollmann G, Rossier J. Exploring the path through which career adaptability increases job satisfaction and lower job stress: The role of affect. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2015; 91:113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.08.010

Pratiwi F, Lo JS. Job satisfaction as a mediator of effect job stress and career development on employee turnover intention PT PKSS. Dinasti International Journal of digital business management. 2020; 1(4): 580 -592. https://DOI:10.31933

Idris M, Lusiyani NL. Hubungan tingkat stress dengan gejala psikopatologi pada penerbang militer TNI AU di Lakespra Saryanto. Jurnal Afiat Kesehatan dan anak. 2021; 6(1):35-47.

Haythornthwaite J. Stress on the job: 4 tips for working women. John Hopkins medicine. Available at https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/stress-on-the-job-4-tips-for-working-women

Ketchesin KD, Stinnett GS, Seasholtz AF. Corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein and stress: From invertebrates to humans. Stress. 2017; 20:449-464. https://doi:10.1080/10253890.2017.1322575.

Klenerova V, Kvetnansky R, Hynie S. The effect of acute and repeated stress on CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNA expression in pituitaries of wild type and CRH knock out mice. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 2018; 38:163-169. https://Doi:10.1007/s10571-017-0556-3.

Cannizzaro E, Ramaci T, Cirrincione L, Plescia F. Work-related stress, physio-pathological mechanisms, and the influence of environmental genetic factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(20):4031. https://Doi:10.3390/ijerph16204031

Didymus FF, Norman L, Hurst M, Clarke NJ. Job stressors, strain, and psychological well-being among women sports coaches. International journal of sports science & coaching. 2021; 16(3): 456-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120974345

Kotera Y, Dosedlova J, Andrzejewski D, Kaluzeviciute G, Sakai M. From stress to psychopathology: Relationship with self-reassurance and self-criticism in Czech University students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2022; 20:2321-2332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00516-z

Too LS, Butterworth P. Psychosocial job stressors and mental health: the potential moderating role of emotion regulation. J. Occup Environ Med. 2018; 60(10):518-524. https://DOI:10.1097/JOM.0000000000001416.

Istriana E. Prevention of self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Univ Med [Internet]. 2020; 39(1); 1-2. DOI; https://doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.1-2

Allan BA, Dexter C, Kinsey R, Parker S. Meaningful work and mental health: job satisfaction as a moderator. Journal of mental health. 2018; 27:38-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2016.1244718

Lu Y, Hu XM, Huang XL, Zhuang XD, Guo P, Li FF, Hu W, et al. The relationship between job satisfaction, work stress, work-family conflict, and turnover intention among physicians in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open 2017; 7e014894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014894

Published

2023-04-15
Statistics
Abstract Display: 411
PDF Downloads: 485
PDF Downloads: 25

How to Cite

1.
Merijanti LT, Pusparini P, Meiyanti M, Alvina A, Hartanti MD, Tjahjadi M. Career Development and Psychopathological Symptoms on Female Workers. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2023 Apr. 15 [cited 2025 Oct. 2];13(4):28-32. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/6010

How to Cite

1.
Merijanti LT, Pusparini P, Meiyanti M, Alvina A, Hartanti MD, Tjahjadi M. Career Development and Psychopathological Symptoms on Female Workers. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2023 Apr. 15 [cited 2025 Oct. 2];13(4):28-32. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/6010