New Smartphone based Colorimetric Method Development and validation for the Drugs containing Nitrogen, Sulphur and Phosphorus in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Abstract
A method for determining the concentration of coloured compounds in a solution is colorimetry. The intensity of the colour is related to the chemical concentration being measured. Because of their low cost and ability to collect, store, and interpret data all in one device, smartphone-based colorimetry has increased in popularity as an analytical tool. The camera on the phone is used as a detector in smartphone colorimetry. Both the smartphone colorimetric method and the UV method relied on the detection of colour intensity as concentration rose. Distinct oxidation states of ammonium metavanadate generate different colours depending on the oxidation state. The +5-oxidation state appears yellow, the +4-oxidation state appears blue, the +3-oxidation state appears green, and the +2-oxidation state appears purple. The ammonium metavanadate reagent is orange red in colour, but when it combines with pharmaceuticals that contain nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulphur in their structure, it turns green. The developed approach for all of the drugs in this article is linear. The colour intensity increases as the concentration of API increases. All of the photos were captured on a smartphone and analysed with photometrix PRO software. The photometrix PRO application turns an image to an RGB histogram, and it also includes regression models. The percent RSD for all three drugs was less than 2 employing Photometrix PRO and UV method. Using a statistical method called a two-paired test, the results reveal that both procedures are equally significant for all three drugs.
Keywords: Uv spectrophotometry, Photometrix PRO, RGB Histogram, Sumatriptan Succinate, Gemifloxacin, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Keywords:
UV spectrophotometry, Photometrix PRO, RGB Histogram, Sumatriptan Succinate, Gemifloxacin, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
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References
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26. Shen, L., Hagen, J. A., & Papautsky, I. (2012). Point-of-care colorimetric detection with a smartphone. Lab on a Chip, 12(21), 4240. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2lc40741h
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29. Sadaphal, S., Kategaonkar, A., Sapkal, S., Shingate, B., Gill, C., & Shingare, M. (2009). Ammonium metavanadate: A novel catalyst for synthesis of α-aminophosphonates. Bulletin of Catalysis Society of India, 8, 131–139.
30. Jadhav, G. R., Shaikh, M. U., Kale, R. P., & Gill, C. H. (2009). Ammonium metavanadate: A novel catalyst for synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Chinese Chemical Letters, 20(3), 292–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.057
31. Cavell, A. J. (1955). The colorimetric determination of phosphorus in plant materials. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 6(8), 479–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740060814
32. Ravi, S., Darwis, Y., & Khan, N. (2009). Development and validation of an RP-HPLC-UV method for analysis of sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Acta Chromatographica, 21(3), 421–432. https://doi.org/10.1556/AChrom.21.2009.3.6
33. Pourmand, M. R., Azar, M. S., & Aghavalijamaat, M. (2011). Development of validated UV spectrophotometric method for in vitro analysis of sumatriptan in pharmaceutical preparations in comparison with HPLC. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 44(10), 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-011-0522-1
34. Borman, P., & Elder, D. (2017). Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: An Implementation Guide (pp. 127–166). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118971147.ch5
2. ALTRIA, K. D. F. S. D. (n.d.). Quantitative determination of Sumatriptan by capillary electrophoresis. Pascal and Francis Bibliographic Databases.
3. Bebawy, L. I., Moustafa, A. A., & Abo-Talib, N. F. (2003). Stability-indicating methods for the determination of sumatriptan succinate. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 32(6), 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(03)00245-0
4. K N, P. K., Kanakapura, B., & Raghu, M. S. (2013). Permaganometric determination of sumatriptan succinate in pure drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 37, 95–106.
5. Wishart, D. S., Feunang, Y. D., Guo, A. C., Lo, E. J., Marcu, A., Grant, J. R., Sajed, T., Johnson, D., Li, C., Sayeeda, Z., Assempour, N., Iynkkaran, I., Liu, Y., Maciejewski, A., Gale, N., Wilson, A., Chin, L., Cummings, R., Le, D., … Wilson, M. (2018). DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Research, 46(D1), D1074–D1082. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1037
6. Andrew, P. D., Birch, H. L., & Phillpot, D. A. (1993). Determination of sumatriptan succinate in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 82(1), 73–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600820116
7. Prashanth, K. N., Basavaiah, K., & Raghu, M. S. (2013). Utilization of N -Bromosuccinimide as a Brominating Agent for the Determination of Sumatriptan Succinate in Bulk Drug and Tablets. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2013, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/934357
8. Prashanth, K. N., Basavaiah, K., & Xavier, C. M. (2014). Development and validation of UV-spectrophotometric methods for the determination of sumatriptan succinate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form and its degradation behavior under varied stress conditions. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 15(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaubas.2013.03.004
9. Paim, C. S., Führ, F., Miron, D. S., Steppe, M., & Schapoval, E. E. S. (2014). Highly Selective Colorimetric Method to Determine Gemifloxacin Mesylate in the Presence of a Synthetic Impurity. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 97(1), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.10-428
10. Mohammad, Y., Kumar, B. P., Hussain, A., & Harish. (2010). Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(4), 1621–1627. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/824210
11. Vijayakumar, B., Seethamma, M., & Venkateshwarlu, G. (2016). Spectrophotometric Determination Of Drugs Based On Oxidation By Using Bromate-Bromide Mixture And Methyl Orange Dye.
12. Wishart, D. S., Knox, C., Guo, A. C., Cheng, D., Shrivastava, S., Tzur, D., Gautam, B., & Hassanali, M. (2008). DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(suppl_1), D901–D906. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm958
13. Sasikala, M., & Tirupati, B. (2015). Spectrophotometric determination of drugs by using Cerium (IV) and Rhodamine B couple as analytical reagent.
14. Varsha, M. S., Babu, N. R., Padmavathi, Y., & Kumar, P. R. (2015). Development of new spectrophotometric method for estimation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate using MBTH reagent. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 4(4), 378–381. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i4.22620
15. AbdelHay, M. H., Gazy, A. A., Shaalan, R. A., & Ashour, H. K. (2013). Simple Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Tenofovir Fumarate and Emtricitabine in Bulk Powder and in Tablets. Journal of Spectroscopy, 2013, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/937409
16. M, L. M., & N., K. R. (2019). A REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE AND EMTRICITABINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science Archive, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.32553/ijpba.v7i3.129
17. Jadhav Swapnil .D, Sarak Sharad .C, Nimbalkar Tushar .S, & Bhatia Manish .S. (2014). Designing of Colorimetric Reagent and Development of Stability Indicating Method for Analysis of Drugs with Fumarate Salt. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 31–35.
18. Ramu, B. K., & Raghubabu, K. (2011). A simple colorimetric determination of sumatriptan succinate from tablet dosage forms using cobalt thio cyanate. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 3, 1411–1418.
19. Kalyanaramu, B., & Raghubabu, K. (2011). A simple visible spectrophotometric determination of Sumatriptan Succinate from pharmaceutical formulations. Der Pharma Chemica, 3.
20. JOHNSTON, R. M. (1972). What is Color? (pp. 4–16). https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1971-0107.ch002
21. SOWJANYA, G., & Kommoju, M. (2019). Colorimetric Approaches To Drug Analysis And Applications -A Review. American Journal of PharmTech Research, 9, 14–37. https://doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i1.002
22. Kap, Ö., Kılıç, V., Hardy, J. G., & Horzum, N. (2021). Smartphone-based colorimetric detection systems for glucose monitoring in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. The Analyst, 146(9), 2784–2806. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02031A
23. Alawsi, T., Mattia, G. P., Al-Bawi, Z., & Beraldi, R. (2021). Smartphone-based colorimetric sensor application for measuring biochemical material concentration. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 32, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100404
24. Sajed, S., Kolahdouz, M., Sadeghi, M. A., & Razavi, S. F. (2020). High-Performance Estimation of Lead Ion Concentration Using Smartphone-Based Colorimetric Analysis and a Machine Learning Approach. ACS Omega, 5(42), 27675–27684. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c04255
25. Kılıç, V., Alankus, G., Horzum, N., Mutlu, A. Y., Bayram, A., & Solmaz, M. E. (2018). Single-Image-Referenced Colorimetric Water Quality Detection Using a Smartphone. ACS Omega, 3(5), 5531–5536. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00625
26. Shen, L., Hagen, J. A., & Papautsky, I. (2012). Point-of-care colorimetric detection with a smartphone. Lab on a Chip, 12(21), 4240. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2lc40741h
27. Stockman, A. (2004). Colorimetry. In digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600434.eap624
28. Sonar, S. S., Kategaonkar, A. H., Ware, M. N., Gill, C. H., Shingate, B. B., & Shingare, M. S. (2009). Ammonium metavanadate: an effective catalyst for synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates. Arkivoc, 2009(2), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0010.215
29. Sadaphal, S., Kategaonkar, A., Sapkal, S., Shingate, B., Gill, C., & Shingare, M. (2009). Ammonium metavanadate: A novel catalyst for synthesis of α-aminophosphonates. Bulletin of Catalysis Society of India, 8, 131–139.
30. Jadhav, G. R., Shaikh, M. U., Kale, R. P., & Gill, C. H. (2009). Ammonium metavanadate: A novel catalyst for synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Chinese Chemical Letters, 20(3), 292–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.057
31. Cavell, A. J. (1955). The colorimetric determination of phosphorus in plant materials. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 6(8), 479–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740060814
32. Ravi, S., Darwis, Y., & Khan, N. (2009). Development and validation of an RP-HPLC-UV method for analysis of sumatriptan succinate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Acta Chromatographica, 21(3), 421–432. https://doi.org/10.1556/AChrom.21.2009.3.6
33. Pourmand, M. R., Azar, M. S., & Aghavalijamaat, M. (2011). Development of validated UV spectrophotometric method for in vitro analysis of sumatriptan in pharmaceutical preparations in comparison with HPLC. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 44(10), 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-011-0522-1
34. Borman, P., & Elder, D. (2017). Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: An Implementation Guide (pp. 127–166). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118971147.ch5
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Choudhary N, Choksi P, Mashru R. New Smartphone based Colorimetric Method Development and validation for the Drugs containing Nitrogen, Sulphur and Phosphorus in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form. JDDT [Internet]. 15Jun.2022 [cited 1Jul.2022];12(3-S):87-00. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5510
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