Nanotechnology in Herbal Medicine: A Promising Approach for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of herbal medicine by providing a platform for enhanced drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The use of nanocarriers and nano formulations has improved the bioavailability and solubility of herbal extracts, allowing for targeted and controlled release of active compounds. This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology in herbal medicine, including the types of nano formulations, methods of preparation, and applications in various diseases. The advantages of nano formulations, such as improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are also discussed. Furthermore, the role of computational tools and artificial intelligence in nanotechnology is explored, including their potential to transform drug delivery and disease monitoring. Despite the promising benefits, the drawbacks of nanotechnology, including biocompatibility and toxicity concerns, are also addressed. Overall, nanotechnology has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal medicines
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Herbal medicine, Nano formulations, Artificial intelligence, Drug delivery
Keywords:
Nanotechnology, Herbal medicine, Nano formulations, Artificial intelligence, Drug deliveryDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i6.7239References
1. Bayda S, Adeel M, Tuccinardi T, Cordani M, Rizzolio F. The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules. 2019;25(1):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112 PMid:31892180 PMCid:PMC6982820
2. Falke PB, Shelke PG, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL, Kohale NB. A comprehensive review on Nanoparticle: Characterization, classification, synthesis method, silver nanoparticles and its applications. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024, 28(01), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0268
3. Ungureanu AR, Ozon EA, Musuc AM, Anastasescu M, Atkinson I, Mitran RA, Rusu A, Popescu L, Gird CE. Preparation And Preliminary Analysis Of Several Nanoformulations Based On Plant Extracts And Biodegradable Polymers As A Possible Application For Chronic Venous Disease Therapy. Polymers. 2024; 16: 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16101362 PMid:38794552 PMCid:PMC11125073
4. Sharma N, Vasisht K, Kaur J, Sandhu SK, Dey K, Hameed B.A, Bajaj R, Kaur I.P, Karan M. Blending Ethnomedicine With Modern Technology From Conventional To Tailored Products: Modulating Biopharmaceutical Properties Of Berberis Extract By Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Wound Healing. J. Funct. Biomater. 2023; 14:418. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14080418 PMid:37623663 PMCid:PMC10455672
5. Hussain A, Attique F, Naqvi SAR. Nanoformulation of Curcuma longa Root Extract and Evaluation of Its Dissolution Potential. ACS Omega. 2022;8(1):1088-1096. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c06258 PMid:36643543 PMCid:PMC9835792
6. Ai S, Li Y, Zheng H. Collision of herbal medicine and nanotechnology: a bibliometric analysis of herbal nanoparticles from 2004 to 2023. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024;22(1):140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02426-3 PMid:38556857 PMCid:PMC10983666
7. Agrawal R, Jurel P, Deshmukh R, Harwansh R.K, Garg A, Kumar A, Singh S, Guru A, Kumar A, Kumarasamy V. Emerging Trends In The Treatment Of Skin Disorders By Herbal Drugs: Traditional And Nanotechnological Approach. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16: 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070869 PMid:39065566 PMCid:PMC11279890
8. Devi A. Khanam S. Preparation And Characterization Of Herbal Nanoformulation Containing Andrographis Paniculata Extract. IJPSR. 2019; 10(12): 5380-5385.
9. Kustiawan PM, Syaifie PH, Al Khairy Siregar KA, Ibadillah D, Mardliyati E. New insights of propolis nanoformulation and its therapeutic potential in human diseases. ADMET DMPK. 2024;12(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.2128 PMid:38560717 PMCid:PMC10974817
10. Wickramasinghe ASD, Kalansuriya P, Attanayake AP. Nanoformulation of Plant-Based Natural Products for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Formulation Design to Therapeutic Applications. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022;96:100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100672 PMid:35586563 PMCid:PMC9108891
11. Herdiana Y, Nanoparticles Of Natural Product-Derived Medicines: Beyond The Pandemic, Heliyon. 2025; 11: E42739 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42739 PMid:40083991 PMCid:PMC11904502
12. Hashad IM, Aly SH, Saleh DO, Aboel-Nasr NME, Shabana ME, El-Tokhy FS, El-Nashar HAS, Abdelmohsen UR, Mostafa NM, Mostafa AM. Mechanistic wound healing officus trijuja leaf extract and its lipid nanocapsule supported by metabolomic profiling and in vivo studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030928 PMid:39940701 PMCid:PMC11817089
13. Rezaei-Tazangi F, Forutan Mirhosseini A, Fathi A, Roghani-Shahraki H, Arefnezhad R, Vasei F. Herbal And Nano-Based Herbal Medicine: New Insights Into Their Therapeutic Aspects Against Periodontitis. Avicenna J Phytomed, 2024; 14(4): 430-454.
14. Shinde NM, Shelke PG, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL Gautam DG. A review on nanoparticles in cancer therapeutics with its classification and synthesis, GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024; 29(03): 099-112. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.3.0463
15. Srinivasan N, Recent Advances In Herbal-Nano Formulation: A Systematic Review. Asian Journal Of Biological And Life Sciences. 2023;12(1). https://doi.org/10.5530/ajbls.2023.12.4
16. Bozzuto G, Calcabrini A, Colone M, Condello M, Dupuis M.L, Pellegrini E, Stringaro A. Phytocompounds And Nanoformulations For Anticancer Therapy: A Review. Molecules. 2024; 29, 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163784 PMid:39202863 PMCid:PMC11357218
17. Vani Mamillapalli, Amukta Malyada Atmakuri1, Padmalatha Khantamneni, Nanoparticles For Herbal Extracts. Asian Journal Of Pharmaceutics. Apr-Jun 2016 ;10 (2):S54
18. Gawai AY, Bakal RL, Hatwar PR, Nehar KN, Bhujade PR. Introduction about Global infectious disease and use of nanotechnology. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2024; 14(12):181-190 https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i12.6915
19. Awlqadr F, Majeed K, Altemimi A, Hassan A, Qadir S, Saeed M, Faraj A, Salih T, Al‐Manhel A, Najm M, Tsakali E. Nanotechnology-based herbal medicine: Preparation, synthesis, and applications in food and medicine. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2025; 19: 101661, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101661
20. Mangle AP, Bakal RL, Hatwar PR, Kubde JA. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: A Review of Recent Advances and Applications, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2025; 13(1):71-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v13i1.1506
21. Yadav D, Suri S, Choudhary A, Sikender M, Hemant, Beg M, Garg V, Ahmad A, Asif M. Novel Approach: Herbal Remedies And Natural Products In Pharmaceutical Science As Nano Drug Delivery Systems. IJPT. Sep-2011; 3(3)3092-3116
22. Mukherjee S, Joshi V, Reddy K, Singh N, Das P, Datta P. Biopharmaceutical And Pharmacokinetic Attributes To Drive Nanoformulations Of Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024; 19 100980 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100980 PMid:39640056 PMCid:PMC11617995
23. Pinar SG, Oktay AN, Karaküçük AE, Çelebi N. Formulation Strategies Of Nanosuspensions For Various Administration Routes. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15: 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051520 PMid:37242763 PMCid:PMC10221665
24. Mahure LD, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL Turankar CC. Nanotechnology-based approaches for acne treatment: A comprehensive review. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025; 31(01), 156-162 https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.31.1.0150
25. Kumari A, Singla R, Guliani A, Yadav SK. Nanoencapsulation for drug delivery. EXCLI J. 2014;13:265-286. Published 2014 Mar 20.
26. Mustafa IF, Hussein MZ. Synthesis and Technology of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticide Formulation. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020;10(8):1608. Published 2020 Aug 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081608 PMid:32824489 PMCid:PMC7466655
27. Mendake RA, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL, Amalkar SV. Review on Nanogel as a Novel Platform for Smart Drug Delivery System. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2024; 14(8):161-174 https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i8.6704
28. Singh A, Pal P, Pandey B, Goksen G, Sahoo U, Lorenzo J, Sarangi P. Development of "Smart Foods" for health by nanoencapsulation: Novel technologies and challenges, Food Chemistry: X. 2023;20, 100910, ISSN 2590-1575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100910 PMid:38144773 PMCid:PMC10740092
29. Bhowmick D, Shipu I. Advances In Nanofiber Technology For Biomedical Application: A Review. World Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews. 2024; 22(01), 1908-1919 https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1337
31. Parhi R, Suresh P. Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles-a review. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2012;9(1):2-16. https://doi.org/10.2174/157016312799304552 PMid:22235925
32. Kotta S, Aldawsari HM, Badr-Eldin SM, Nair AB, Yt K. Progress in Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Aug 5;14(8):1636. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081636 PMid:36015262 PMCid:PMC9412594
33. Yadav J, Maheshwari S, Kumar A, Alka, Kumar R, Mishra A, Bhadauriya S, Shukla S, Jain N. Nano Herbal Formulation: A New Approach Of Medicinal Plants And Their Therapeutic Modalities. International Journal Of Food And Nutritional Sciences. 2022; 11, Iss 09.
34. Sandhiya V and Ubaidulla U. A review on herbal drug loaded into pharmaceutical carrier techniques and its evaluation process. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; 11, Iss 09.
35. Patel M and Prajapati BG. A Review on Nanoparticle: Formulation Strategies, Characterization and Therapeutic Applications, Nanomed Nanotechnol. 2022; 7(1): 000216. https://doi.org/10.23880/NNOA-16000216
36. Ajmire ON, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL and Thak IK. Nanoparticles: A promising approach for enhancing drug delivery and efficacy, GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 30(02), 117-126 , https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.30.2.0044
37. Marella S, Tollamadugu N. Nanotechnological approaches for the development of herbal drugs in treatment of diabetes mellitus - a critical review. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2018; 12(5):549-556 https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0242 PMid:30095411 PMCid:PMC8676124
38. Pappalardo I, Santarsiero A, De Luca M, Acquavia M.A, Todisco S, Caddeo C, Bianco G, Infantino V, Martelli G, Vassallo A. Exploiting the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of White Capsicum Extract by the Nanoformulation in Phospholipid Vesicles, Antioxidants. 2021; 10:1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111683 PMid:34829554 PMCid:PMC8614711
39. Vassallo A, Armentano MF, Miglionico R. Hura crepitans L. Extract: Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Nanoformulation, Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(6):553. Published 2020 Jun 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060553 PMid:32549193 PMCid:PMC7356585
40. Moradi SZ, Momtaz S, Bayrami Z, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Nanoformulations of Herbal Extracts in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2020;8:238. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00238 PMid:32318551 PMCid:PMC7154137
41. Ogbonna1J, Kenechukwu F, Attama A, Chime S. Different Approaches To Formulation Of Herbal Extracts /Phytopharmaceuticals /Bioactive Phytoconstituents - A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2022; 16(1).
42. Kathole KS, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL, Karule VG. Nano technology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicine. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2025; 15(3):133-141 https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i3.7017
43. Moss DM, Siccardi M. Optimizing nanomedicine pharmacokinetics using physiologically based pharmacokinetics modelling. Br J Pharmacol. 2014;171(17):3963-3979. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12604 PMid:24467481 PMCid:PMC4243971
44. Sindhu RK, Verma R, Salgotra T, Rahman MH, Shah M, Akter R, Murad W, Mubin S, Bibi P, Qusti S. Impacting The Remedial Potential Of Nano Delivery-Based Flavonoids For Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules. 2021; 26, 5163. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175163 PMid:34500597 PMCid:PMC8434139
45. Eity TA, Bhuia MS, Chowdhury R. Therapeutic Efficacy of Quercetin and Its Nanoformulation Both the Mono- or Combination Therapies in the Management of Cancer: An Update with Molecular Mechanisms. J Trop Med. 2024;2024:5594462. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5594462 PMid:39380577 PMCid:PMC11461079
46. Jain K, Shukla R, Yadav A, Ujjwal RR, Flora SJS. 3D Printing in Development of Nanomedicines. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Feb 7;11(2):420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020420 PMid:33562310 PMCid:PMC7914812
47. Meshram SI, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL, Raut PV. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Fabrication of 3D Printed Technology in Pharmaceutical Development and Its Application, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2024; 14(8):214-222 https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i8.6735
48. Simon M.C, Laios K, Nikolakakis I, Papaioannou T.G. Three-Dimensional Printing Technology In Drug Design And Development: Feasibility, Challenges, And Potential Applications,- J. Pers. Med. 2024; 14: 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14111080 PMid:39590572 PMCid:PMC11595649
49. Sautha V, Butola M, Chaudhary M, Kumar P, Jakhmola V, Dhyani S, Ansori A. N. M. Overview of 3d Printing Technology with Pharmaceutical Applications. Challenges and Future Aspects. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2025;18. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/3070
50. Buchete N-V, Cicha I, Dutta S And Neofytou P. Multiscale Physics-Based In Silico Modelling Of Nanocarrier-Assisted Intravascular Drug Delivery. Front. Drug Deliv. 2024; 4:1362660. https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1362660
51. David B. Olawade, Abimbola O. Ige, Abimbola G. Olaremu, James O. Ijiwade, Adedapo O. Adeola. The synergy of artificial intelligence and nanotechnology towards advancing innovation and sustainability - A mini-review. Nano Trends. 2024; 8: 100052, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nwnano.2024.100052
52. Palavicini G. Intelligent Health: Progress And Benefit Of Artificial Intelligence In Sensing-Based Monitoring And Disease Diagnosis. Sensors. 2023; 23: 9053. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229053 PMid:38005442 PMCid:PMC10675666
53. Dong H, Lin J, Tao Y. AI-enhanced biomedical micro/nanorobots in microfluidics. Lab Chip. 2024;24(5):1419-1440. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LC00909B PMid:38174821
54. Sune PR, Jumde KS, Hatwar PR, Bakal RL, More SD, Korde AV. Nanoparticles: Classification, types and applications: A comprehensive review. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 29(03): 190-197 https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.3.046
55. Kumari S, Goyal A, Sönmez Gürer E, Algın Yapar E, Garg M, Sood M, Sindhu RK. Bioactive Loaded Novel Nano-Formulations For Targeted Drug Delivery And Their Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceutics, 2022; 14:1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051091 PMid:35631677 PMCid:PMC9146286
Published
Abstract Display: 1037
PDF Downloads: 980
PDF Downloads: 100 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Prachi S. Tajne, Vaishnavi S. Kalamb, Pavan N. Girhe, Ravindra L. Bakal , Pooja R. Hatwar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

.