Traditional uses, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of National flower of Nepal Rhododendron arboreum: A Review
Abstract
Methods: This review provides scientific grounds in the literature for the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Rhododendron arboreum, from 2010- 2021. Chiefly three bibliographic databases were used as the main sources of information (Google scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct). The keywords used in this research are as follows: “Phytochemical”, “National flower”, “Bioactive compounds”, “Pharmacology” and “Rhododendron arboreum”.
Results: Various studies were included in this review according to the required criteria, including phytochemical and traditional uses. Rhododendron arboreum contains flavonoids alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, anthraquinones, saponins and tannins. Pharmacological and traditional uses of this plant on the basis of presence of above active ingredients.
Keywords: Bioactive compounds, National flower, Rhododendron arboreum
Keywords:
Bioactive compounds, National flower, Rhododendron arboreumDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5446References
Purohit CS. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. - An Economically Important Tree of Sikkim. Popular Kheti. 2014; 2(3):193-198.
Paul A, Khan ML, Das AK, Dutta PK. Diversity and distribution of rhododendrons in Arunachal Himalaya, India. Journal American Rhododendron society. 2010; 64:200-205.
Ong HG, Ling SM, Win TTM, Kang DH, Lee JH, KimYD. Ethnobotany of wild medicinal plants used by the Müün ethnic people: A quantitative survey in southern Chin state, Myanmar. J herb med. 2018; 13:91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.09.006
Singh KJ, Thakur AK. Medicinal plants of the Shimla hills, Himachal Pradesh: a survey. Int J Herb Med. 2014; 2(2):118-127.
Sharma P, Patti P, Agnihotry A. Ethnobotanical and Ethnomedicinal uses of floristic diversity in Murari Devi and surrounding areas of Mandi district in Himachal Pradesh, India. Pak J Biologic Sci. 2013; 16(10):451-468. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.451.468
Kiruba S, Mahesh M, Nisha SR, Paul ZM, Jeeva S. Phytochemical analysis of the flower extracts of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011; 1(2):S284-S286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60173-1
Kiruba S, Mahesh M, Paul ZM, Nisha SR, Jeeva S. Preliminary phytochemical studies of the leaf extracts of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 3(2):S1338-S1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60412-2
Devi S, Vats CK, Dhaliwal YS. Quality Evaluation of Rhododendron arboreum Flowers of Different Regions of Himachal Pradesh for Standardization of Juice Extraction Technique. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology. 2018; 5(1):51-57.
Keshari P. Comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of Tecomellaundulata and Rhododendron arboreum as two different sources of Rohitaka. International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 2018; 12(04): 242-252 https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v12i04.2200
Tewari D, Sah AN, Bawari S. Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. from Uttarakhand. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2018; 10(3):527-532. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.3.86
Nisar M, Ali S, Qaisar M. Preliminary phytochemical screening of flowers, leaves, bark, stem and roots of Rhododendron arboreum. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 2011; 10(4):472-476.
Sujin RM. Rhododendron arboreum Sm.: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties: Apple Academic Press; 2019. p. 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429487767-5
Paul, A., Khan, M.L., Arunachalam, A. and Arunachalam, K. 2005. Biodiversity and conservation of rhododendrons in Arunachal Pradesh in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Current Science 89(4):623-634.
Chauhan N.S. Medicinal & aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 1999, 353.
Ahmad A, Wali AF , Rehman MU , Khan A , Raish M, et al., Therapeutic Potential of Rhododendron arboreum Polysaccharides in an Animal Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Inflicted Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation. Molecules 2020 Dec 21; 25(24):6045. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246045
Gautam V, Sharma P, Bakshi P , Arora S , Bhardwaj R, et al. Effect of Rhododendron arboreum Leaf Extract on the Antioxidant Defense System against Chromium (VI) Stress in Vigna radiata Plants. Plants (Basel) 2020 Jan 29; 9(2):164. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020164
Nisar M, Ali S, Muhammad N, Gillani SN, Shah MR, et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of Rhododendron arboreum bark Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Jul; 32(7):1254-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233714555391
Lingwan M , Shagun S , Pahwa F , Kumar A, Verma DK, Phytochemical rich Himalayan Rhododendron arboreum petals inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 Dec 28; 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2021.2021287
Ali S , Nisar M , Qaisar M , Khan A, Khan AA. Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of a new pentacyclic triterpene from Rhododendron arboreum stem bark. Pharm Biol 2017 Dec; 55(1):1927-1930. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1343359
Gautam V , Kohli SK , Arora S , Bhardwaj R, Kazi M, et al., Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of Different Fractions from the Leaves of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. and Their GC-MS Profiling. Molecules 2018 Sep 3; 23(9):2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092239
Verma N , Amresh G, Sahu PK, Rao CV, Singh AP. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Rhododendron arboreum Smith flowers in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Sep; 2(9):696-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60212-3
Verma N , Singh AP, Amresh G, Sahu PK, Rao CV. Protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Rhododendron arboreum flowers against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 May; 43(3):291-5. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81518
Joshi B, Panda SK, Jouneghani RS , Liu M , Parajuli N, et al. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Anthelmintic Activities of Medicinal Plants of Nepal Selected Based on Ethnobotanical Evidence. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Apr 22; 2020:1043471. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1043471
Murty D, Rajesh E, Raghava D, Raghavan TV, Surulivel MK. Hypolipidemic effect of arborium plus in experimentally induced hypercholestermic rabbits. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2010 Jun; 130(6):841-6. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.130.841
Mudagal MP, Goli D. Preventive effect of Rhododendron arboreum on cardiac markers, lipid peroxides and antioxidants in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. African J Pharm Pharm. 2011; 5(6):755-63. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.007
Verma N , Singh AP, Gupta A, Sahu PK, Rao CV. Antidiarrheal potential of standardized extract of Rhododendron arboreum Smith flowers in experimental animals Affiliations expand. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov; 43(6):689-93. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81518
Rawat P, Bachheti RK, Kumar N, Rai N. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of in vitro immunomodulatory activity of Rhododendron arboreum leaves. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and clinical research. 2018; 11(8):123-128. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.25372
Attri B, Krishna H, Ahmed N, Kumar A. Effect of blending and storage on the physicochemical, antioxidants and sensory quality of different squashes. Ind J Hortic. 2014; 71(4):546-53.
Saranya D, Ravi R. The leaf of Nilgiri Rhododendron: a potent antimicrobial agent against medically critical human pathogens. International Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2016; 3(6):251-256.
Rangaswamy S, Sambamurthy K. Crystalline chemical components of the flowers of Rhododendron nilagiricum Zenk. Proc Indian Acad Sci A.1960; 51:322-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045789
Swaroop A, Prakash Gupta A, Kumar Sinha A. Simultaneous determination of quercetin, rutin and coumaric acid in flowers of Rhododendron arboreum by HPTLC. Chromatographia. 2005; 62(12):649-52. https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-005-0669-6
Qiang Y, Zhou B, Gao K. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Rhododendron. Chem Biodiversity. 2011; 8(5):792-815. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201000046
Rangaswami S, Sambamurthy K, editors. Chemical examination of the leaves of Rhododendron nilagiricum Zenk. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Section A; 1959: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03048930
Rangaswami S, Sambamurthy K, editors. Crystalline chemical components of the flowers of Rhododendron nilagiricum Zenk. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Section A; 1960: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045789
Madhvi SK, Manik Sharma M, Iqbal J, Younis M. Phytochemistry, Traditional uses and Pharmacology of Rhododendron arboreum: A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(9):4565-4574. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00785.6
Published
Abstract Display: 996 
PDF Downloads: 853 PDF Downloads: 73 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.