Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Screening of Enicostema axillare
Abstract
Enicostema axillare is a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae. The bitter-natured plant acts as a laxative, helps cure fever, rheumatism, and skin diseases, and is widely used in traditional medicine. Shade-dried whole plant material was subjected to Soxhlet extraction with Ethanol. The extracts were evaluated by chemical examination and chromatographic method for the presence of phytoconstituents. Morphological studies indicate Simple, and oblong to lanceolate leaves, sub-quadrangular or terete stems, and tubular roots. Microscopic studies indicate that leaves have diacytic and anisocytic stomata on the lower surface. Single-layered upper epidermis with thick-walled cuticle, and non- glandular trichomes in leaves, stem, and root. Root shows secondary growth; vascular tissue is in an ending arch condition. Phytochemical studies indicate that the plant contains carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. Percentage yield of ethanolic extract were 8%, alcohol -soluble extractive value 15.2%, water–soluble extractive value 18%, moisture content 5%, total ash 11.5%, acid-insoluble ash 6.5%, water-soluble ash were 7.5%, and in TLC analysis, Rf values were found to be 0.81,0.86,0.9.
Key words: Phytochemistry, Physicochemical, Microscopic, TLC
Keywords:
Phytochemistry, Physicochemical , Microscopic, TLCDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v16i2.7579References
1. Srivastava, A., Bhatt, N., Patel, T., Dadheech, N., Singh, A., & Gupta, S. Anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effect ofEnicostemma littoraleagainst oxidative stress in Islets of Langerhans. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016;54(10):2061-2072. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2016.1141222 PMid:26974043
2. Rajamani Saranya, Thirunavukkarasu Thirumalai, Munisami Hemalatha, Ranganathan Balaji, Ernest David, Pharmacognosy of Enicostemma littorale: A review,Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2013;3(1):79-84,ISSN 2221-1691, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60028-3 PMid:23570022 PMCid:PMC3609395
3. Garad, M. C., Upadhya, M. A., Kokare, D. M., & Itankar, P. R. Aerial parts of Enicostemma littorale Blume serve as antipyretic and antacid: in vivo and in vitro evaluations. screening, 2012;13:16. https://doi.org/10.5530/pc.2012.3.9
4. Paivera J, Nogueira I. Encostemmalittorale herbal summary. (Gentianaceae: Potalieae: Faroinae: E. Littorale) Flora Zambesica. 1990;7(4)
5. Gupta S, Dadheech N, Singh A, Soni S, Bhonde RR. Enicostemma littorale: A new therapeutic target for islet of neogenesis. Int J Int Bio. 2010;9(1):50.
6. Evans WC, Trease. Text Book of Pharmacognosy; 15th ed.; ELBS London. 2002.
7. Khandelwal. Practical Pharmacognosy. Nirali Publications, 1st edition. 1995.
8. World Health Organization. Quality control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. Geneva. A.I.T.B.S.Publishers & Distributors, Delhi. 1998.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Vol. II: Appendix 3.23, A47. 1996.
10. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods. 2nd ed; London New York, Chapman and Hall. 1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5570-7
11. Vogel AI. A text book of Macro and semi micro qualitatative inorganic analysis. Longman Green & Co. Ltd. London. 1953;489 -563.
12. Turner RA. Screening Methods in Pharmacology. Academic press, New York. 1965;100-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3266-9.50012-8
13. Stahl Engon. Apparatus and General Techniques in TLC. Thin layer chromatography edited by Egon Stahl. George Allen & Unwin Ltd. London. 1969;52-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88488-7_3
14. Wagner H, Bladet S, Zgainski EM. Plant Drug Analysis, A TLC Atlas; 1st ed. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.1994.
15. Wallis TE. Textbook of Pharmacognosy; 5th ed. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.1985.
Published
Abstract Display: 135 
PDF Downloads: 75 PDF Downloads: 27 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Brij Raj Singh, Rajib Kr. Singh, Jitendra Singh Yadav, Suresh Chandra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.