Development of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Nanoparticles, Microneedles, and 3D Printed Personalised Medicine
Abstract
The continuous evolution of pharmaceutical sciences has led to the emergence of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) aimed at enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance. Conventional dosage forms often face challenges, including poor bioavailability, limited targeting, and variable pharmacokinetics. To overcome these limitations, advanced platforms such as nanoparticles, microneedles, and three-dimensional (3D) printed personalized medicines have gained significant attention. Nanoparticle-based systems enable precise delivery through controlled release and site-specific targeting, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes in oncology, neurology, and infectious diseases. Microneedles offer a minimally invasive alternative for transdermal delivery, enhancing patient acceptability while bypassing gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism. Meanwhile, 3D printing technology has revolutionized personalized pharmacotherapy by allowing on-demand fabrication of dosage forms tailored to individual patient needs, drug combinations, and release profiles. Together, these innovative strategies represent a paradigm shift from conventional formulations toward intelligent, patient-centred therapeutics. This review discusses the principles, fabrication methods, therapeutic applications, and translational challenges of these emerging drug delivery technologies. Additionally, it highlights the integration of digital health and artificial intelligence to optimize formulation design, address regulatory considerations, and chart future perspectives for precision medicine.
Keywords: Novel drug delivery systems; Nanoparticles; Microneedles; 3D printing; Personalized medicine; Controlled release; Targeted therapy; Pharmaceutical innovation.
Keywords:
Novel drug delivery systems, Nanoparticles, Dissolving Microneedles, 3D printing, Personalized medicine, Controlled releaseDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i12.7486References
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