Analysis of Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin, Rutin and Phagnalon Rupestre on Rats Intoxicated by Aluminium
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most abundant chemical elements in nature and metal in the earth’s crust. Accumulation of Aluminium ions (Al3+) in target tissues results into formation of oxygen radicals causing oxidative damage through inducing cytotoxicity. The aim of this study is to analyse the antioxidant effect of selected polyphenols (quercetin, rutin and a medicinal plant phagnalon rupestre) on rats intoxicated by aluminium with specific focus on the heart.This experiment was carried out on 6 groups of wistar albino rats ,group 1; positive control, group 2; Al male intoxicated group treated with quercetin, group 3; Al male intoxicated group treated with rutin, group 4; Al female intoxicated, group 5; Al intoxicated treated with phagnalon rupestre , group 6; female control. Several Biochemical assays were carried out such as protein test, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, catalase assay (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, Glutathione reduced and glutathione peroxidase (GSH & GPX) assay, lipids (cholesterol & triglycerides) assays. Aluminium intoxicated group showed decrease in the content of protein compared to the control and treated groups. Aluminium intoxicated group showed an increase in the activity of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) but a significant decrease in the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase assays (GST) compared to the control group. Biomarkers of oxidative stress significantly reduced in heart Al-induced oxidative stress by administration of Quercetin. Therefore, Quercetin is an effective antioxidant against oxidative stress caused by free radicals produced because of aluminium exposure.
Keywords: antioxidant ;aluminium ; quercetin ; rutin ; phagnalon rupestre
Downloads
References
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Curr Biol. 1997 Mar;7(3):R126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(97)70976-X
Kvande H. Two hundred years of aluminum ... or is it aluminium? JOM. 2008 Aug;60(8):23-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0102-3
Rabinovich D. The allure of aluminium. Nat Chem. 2013 Jan;5(1):76-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1535 PMid:23247182
Gourier-Fréry C, Fréry N. Aluminium. EMC - Toxicol-Pathol. 2004 Jul;1(3):79-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emctp.2004.04.002
Tomljenovic L, A. Shaw C. Aluminum Vaccine Adjuvants: Are they Safe? Curr Med Chem. 2011 Jun 1;18(17):2630-7. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986711795933740 PMid:21568886
Stahl T, Falk S, Rohrbeck A, Georgii S, Herzog C, Wiegand A, et al. Migration of aluminum from food contact materials to food-a health risk for consumers? Part I of III: exposure to aluminum, release of aluminum, tolerable weekly intake (TWI), toxicological effects of aluminum, study design, and methods. Environ Sci Eur. 2017 Dec;29(1):19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-017-0116-y PMid:28458989 PMCid:PMC5388732
Igbokwe IO, Igwenagu E, Igbokwe NA. Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. 2019; https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2019-0007 PMid:32206026 PMCid:PMC7071840
Yokel RA, McNamara PJ. Aluminium Toxicokinetics: An Updated MiniReview: ALUMINIUM TOXICOKINETICS. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008 Jul 7;88(4):159-67. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.d01-98.x PMid:11322172
Rahimzadeh MR, Rahimzadeh MR, Kazemi S, Amiri RJ, Pirzadeh M, Moghadamnia AA. Aluminum Poisoning with Emphasis on Its Mechanism and Treatment of Intoxication. Fedeli P, editor. Emerg Med Int. 2022 Jan 11;2022:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1480553 PMid:35070453 PMCid:PMC8767391
Exley C. Human exposure to aluminium. Env Sci Process Impacts. 2013;15(10):1807-16. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EM00374D PMid:23982047
Kawahara M, Konoha K, Nagata T, Sadakane Y. Aluminum and Human Health : Its Intake, Bioavailability and Neurotoxicity.
Mailloux RJ, Hamel R, Appanna VD. Aluminum toxicity elicits a dysfunctional TCA cycle and succinate accumulation in hepatocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2006 Aug;20(4):198-208. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20137 PMid:16906525
Milton NGN. Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Aetiology of Alz-heimer??s Disease: Implications for Treatment. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(2):81-100. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200421020-00002 PMid:14960126
Xu F, Ren L, Song M, Shao B, Han Y, Cao Z, et al. Fas- and Mitochon-dria-Mediated Signaling Pathway Involved in Osteoblast Apoptosis Induced by AlCl3. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018 Jul;184(1):173-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1176-y PMid:29027106
Yu H, Zhang J, Ji Q, Yu K, Wang P, Song M, et al. Melatonin alleviates aluminium chloride-induced immunotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis associated with the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 May;173:131-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.095 PMid:30771656
San Martín SP, Bauçà JM, Martinez-Morillo E. Determination of alu-minum concentrations in biological specimens: application in the clinical laboratory. Adv Lab Med Av En Med Lab. 2022 Jun 30;3(2):153-9. https://doi.org/10.1515/almed-2022-0056 PMid:37361866 PMCid:PMC10197291
Domingo JL, Gómez M, Llobet JM, Corbella J. Comparative Effects of Several Chelating Agents on the Toxicity, Distribution and Excretion of Aluminium. Hum Toxicol. 1988 May;7(3):259-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700305 PMid:3391623
Yan L, Riaz M, Liu J, Yu M, Cuncang J. The aluminum tolerance and detoxification mechanisms in plants; recent advances and prospects. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2022 May 3;52(9):1491-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1859306
Ye J, Wei D, Peng L, Chang T. Ginsenoside-Rb1 prevents ster-oid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head through the bone morphogenetic�protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. Mol Med Rep [Internet]. 2019 Aug 6 [cited 2023 Jul 10]; Available from: http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2019.10553 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10553
Davies MJ. Protein oxidation and peroxidation. Biochem J. 2016 Apr 1;473(7):805-25. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20151227 PMCid:PMC4819570
Marunaka Y, Marunaka R, Sun H, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Inui T, et al. Actions of Quercetin, a Polyphenol, on Blood Pressure. Mole-cules. 2017 Jan 29;22(2):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020209 PMid:28146071 PMCid:PMC6155806
Bauer G. Increasing the endogenous NO level causes catalase inacti-vation and reactivation of intercellular apoptosis signaling specifi-cally in tumor cells. Redox Biol. 2015 Dec;6:353-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.017 PMid:26342455 PMCid:PMC4564397
Röth E, Marczin N, Balatonyi B, Ghosh S, Kovács V, Alotti N, et al. Effect of a glutathione S-transferase inhibitor on oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptotic signalling of cultured car-diomyocytes. 2011;16(3).
Zhang Q, Cao Z, Sun X, Zuang C, Huang W, Li Y. Aluminum Trichloride Induces Hypertension and Disturbs the Function of Erythrocyte Membrane in Male Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 May;171(1):116-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0504-3 PMid:26354416
Tsikas D. Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondial-dehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: Analytical and biological challenges. Anal Biochem. 2017 May;524:13-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.021 PMid:27789233
Baud O, Greene AE, Li J, Wang H, Volpe JJ, Rosenberg PA. Glutathione Peroxidase-Catalase Cooperativity Is Required for Resistance to Hy-drogen Peroxide by Mature Rat Oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci. 2004 Feb 18;24(7):1531-40. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3989-03.2004 PMid:14973232 PMCid:PMC6730475
Ferretti G, Marchionni C, Bacchetti T, Galeazzi T, Dousset N. Effect of Aluminium on Lipid Peroxidation of Human High Density Lipopro-teins. Free Radic Res. 2003 Jan;37(5):515-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1071576031000083125 PMid:12797472
Copyright (c) 2024 Henry Junior Yiga, Mulondo Samuel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
. 