A Comprehensive Review on Effervescent Tablets
Abstract
Effervescent tablets are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of administration and rapid onset of action. They typically contain acidic materials and carbonates or bicarbonates that react quickly in the presence of water, releasing carbon dioxide and improving API solubility and flavour masking. However, effervescent tablets can be bulky, and the reaction rate is difficult to control due to water's catalytic effect. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of effervescent tablets, common effervescent reactions, active ingredients that can be formulated, and the preparation and manufacturing process. It also evaluates effervescent granules and tablets and explores the latest advancements in effervescent technology. Overall, effervescent tablets offer a promising option for drug delivery, and ongoing research will undoubtedly yield even more advanced formulations in the future.
Keywords: Effervescent granules, Effervescent tablets, Hot melt granulation, Carbon dioxide content, Water activity
Keywords:
Effervescent granules, Effervescent tablets, Hot melt granulation, Carbon dioxide content, Water activityDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i7.6120References
Advankar A, Maheshwari R, Tambe V, Todke P, Raval N, Kapoor D, et al. Specialized tablets: Ancient history to modern developments. In: Drug Delivery Systems. Elsevier; 2019. p. 615-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814487-9.00013-2
Rudnic: Tablet dosage forms - Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Tablet%20dosage%20forms&author=E.M.%20Rudnic&publication_year=2002
İpci K, Öktemer T, Birdane L, Altıntoprak N, Bayar Muluk N, Passali D, et al. Effervescent tablets: a safe and practical delivery system for drug administration. ENT Updates. 2016 Apr 1; 46-50. https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2016001009
Viscosity. In: Indian Pharmacopoeia. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Indian Pharmacopoeia Laboratory, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; 2018. p. 252-3.
Sendall: Effervescent tablets - Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effervescent%20tablets&journal=Pharm.%20J.&volume=230&pages=289-294&publication_year=1983&author=Sendall%2CF.%20E.%20J.&author=Staniforth%2CJ.%20N.&author=Rees%2CJ.%20E.&author=Leatham%2CM.%20 J.
Eichman Jonathan, Robinson Joseph. Mechanistic studies on effervescent-induced permeability enhancement. Pharm Res. 1998; 15(6):925-30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011936901638
Rani R, Masoanl K, Sherry. A recent updated review on effervescent tablet. International journal of creative research thoughts. 2020; 8(4):3928-35. Available from: www.ijcrt.org
Patel SG, Siddaiah M. Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets: a review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2018 Nov 15; 8(6):296-303. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2021
Biranje S, More A, Shangrapawar TP, Bhosale PDEA A. A Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Effervescent Tablet. Int J Pharm Pharm Res. 2021; 21(3):476-86.
BG P, O M. Concept, Manufacturing and Characterization of Effervescent Tablets: A Review. SunText Review of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021; 02(01). https://doi.org/10.51737/2766-5232.2021.010
Rani Ms. Review on Introduction to Effervescent Tablets and Granules. Kenkyu Journal of Pharmacology. 2020; 6:1-11. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i2.20873
Juarez-Enriquez E, Olivas GI, Zamudio-Flores PB, Ortega-Rivas E, Perez-Vega S, Sepulveda DR. Effect of water content on the flowability of hygroscopic powders. J Food Eng. 2017 Jul 1; 205:12-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.024
Apostolopoulos D, Fusi R. Prediction of moisture barrier requirements for an effervescent single serve aspartame sweetened tablet. Development in food science. 1995; 37:1119-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4501(06)80223-2
Lee RE, Amerilab technologies. Effervescent tablets Key facts about a unique, effective dosage form. CSC Publishing. 2004.
Nuernberg B, Brune K. Buffering the stomach content enhances the absorption of diflunisal in man. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1989; 10(4):377-87. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bdd.2510100405 https://doi.org/10.1002/bdd.2510100405
Kumar R, Patil S, Patil MB, Paschapur MS, Patil SR. Formulation and Evaluation of Captopril Fast Dissolving Tablets by WOW Tab and Effervescent Technologies. Research J Science and Tech. 2009; 1(1):29-32.
Prabhakar C, Krishna K. A review on efferevesent tablets. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2011; 3:704-12. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286848680_A_review_on_efferevesent_tablets
Vasim SM. Effervescent Mixture Based Solid Dispersion a Novel Approach for Solubility Enhancement. Research J Pharm and Tech. 2011; 4(11):1682-6.
Shah Mitul. Effervescent Tablets. Pharma Tips. 2010. Available from: http://www.pharmatips.in/Articles/Effervescent-Tablets.aspx
Parikh DM. Handbook of pharmaceutical granulation technology. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology. CRC Press; 2016. 1-660 p. https://doi.org/10.3109/9781616310035
Swarbrick J. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology : Volume 6. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology; Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/b19309/encyclopedia-pharmaceutical-technology-james-swarbrick
David S T, Gallian C E. The effect of environmental moisture and temperature on the physical stability of effervescent tablets in foil laminate packages containing minute imperfections. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1986; 12(14):2541-50. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639048609063198
PERRI lidia, COPPI G. N-acetylcysteine effervescent tablet and its therapeutical application. 2013. p. 1-14.
Kumar S, Poudel S, Poudel BK, Silwal JK, Kumar Poudel B. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of Aceclofenac effervescent tablets. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2015; 4(6):19-21. Available from: www.thepharmajournal.com
Pethappachetty P. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF EFFERVESCENT TABLETS OF ACECLOFENAC. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2011; 2(12):185-90.
Dubray C, Maincent P, Milon JY. From the pharmaceutical to the clinical: the case for effervescent paracetamol in pain management. A narrative review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2021; 37(6):1039-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2021.1902297
Savant PB, Qureshi MA, N. K, Kareppa M, B Thalkari A, Karwa PN. Preparation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium Effervescent Tablet. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2021 Dec 22; 305-11. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4377.2021.00050
Mavani PB, Patel GM, Shukla AK, Shelat PK. Design, Development and Optimization Aceclofenac Effervescence tablets by Central Composite Design. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2015; 7(1):15. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-4377.2015.00004.X
Payghan S A, Khade Digamber, Sayyad F J. Formulation and Evaluation of New Effervescent Tablet of Famotidine for Peptic Ulcer Therapy. Inventi Rapid: Pharm Tech. 2015; 2015(2):01-15. Available from: www.inventi.in
Patel AA, Parikh RH, Mehta TA. Development optimization and evaluation of effervescent tablets of chlorpheniramine maleate using box behnken design. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015; 7(8):317-23.
Labib GS. Novel levocetirizine HCl tablets with enhanced palatability: Synergistic effect of combining taste modifiers and effervescence technique. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Sep 7; 9:5135-46. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S92245
Aslani A, Sharifian T. Formulation, characterization and physicochemical evaluation of amoxicillin effervescent tablets. Adv Biomed Res. 2014; 3(1):01-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.143252
Bolt I J, Merrifield D R, Carter P L. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION WITH EFFERVESCENT COUPLE. United Kingdom: united state patent; 1999. p. 01-8.
Mishra B, Mohanty B, Barik CS. Formulation Development and Evaluation of Direct compressed Cefpodoxime proxetil Effervescent Tablets. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12(6):2695. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00450.5
Aslani A, Fattahi F. Formulation, characterization and physicochemical evaluation of potassium citrate effervescent tablets. Adv Pharm Bull. 2013; 3(1):217-25. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.143252
Nagar M, Mantry P, Rathore A, Saini TR. DEVELOPMENT OF NON SODIUM EFFERVESCENT TABLET OF PARACETAMOL USING ARGININE CARBONATE. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013; 4(5):2009-14.
Tambe B D. Formulation and Evaluation of Paracetamol Effervescent Tablet. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2021; 9(4):47-51. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.982
Patel T R, Patel M N, Patel T B, Patel J B, Suhagia B N, Patel A M. Preparation and Evaluation of effervescent tablets of Ibuprofen. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 2(4):2145-55.
Faisal A. Formulation by design approach for effervescent granules of vitamin C using statistical optimization methodologies. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 8(4):62-9. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2020.v.8.i.4.62.69
Faisal A. Formulation by design approach for effervescent granules of vitamin C using statistical optimization methodologies. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research. 2020 Nov 11; 8(4):62-9. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2020.v.8.i.4.62.69
Bagul Mahesh, Surawase Rajendra. Development of Zinc Gluconate Vitamin C Effervescent Tablet for Immunity Improvement and Management of COVID-19. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2022; 14(4):299-303. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4377.2022.00049
Aslani A, Jahangiri H. Formulation, characterization and physicochemical evaluation of ranitidine effervescent tablets. Adv Pharm Bull. 2013; 3(2):315-22. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.143252
Kumar V, Mannur S, Karki SS, Dhada AA. Formulation and Evaluation of Ranitidine Hydrochloride Mouth Dissolving Tablet by Effervescent Formulation Technique. Research J Pharm and Tech. 2010; 3(2):596-9.
Reddy YK, Kumar KS. Formulation and Evaluation of Effervescent Floating Tablets of Domperidone. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science. 2020; 10(1):01-5. https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5659.2020.00001.6
Saraswathi B, Reddy RJ, Swathi P, Manasa G. Formulation and Evaluation of Effervescent Floating Tablets of Procainamide. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2017; 9(4):158-62. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-4377.2017.00025.8
Patle L, Ramdas Khalsa G, Rai G. An Emerging Trade in Floating Drug Delivery System - A Review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2013; 5(6):371-7.
Jinshad K, Krishna Pillai M. Enteric coated effervescent micro bead drug delivery system: A better approach for pulsatile drug delivery to intestine. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019 Aug 1; 12(8):4007-12. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00690.5
Mehta Y, Nirban S, Kumar S, Malodia K, Rakha P, Nagpal M. Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems: A Promising Approach. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2011; 3(1):1-06.
Citric Acid | C6H8O7 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Citric-acid
Lambros M, Tran T, Fei Q, Nicolaou M. Citric Acid: A Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipient. Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 1; 14(972):01-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050972
L-Tartaric acid | H2C4H4O6 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Tartaric-acid
Fumaric Acid | C4H4O4 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Fumaric-acid
Adipic Acid | C6H10O4 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Adipic-acid#section=Household-Products
Malic Acid | C4H6O5 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Malic-acid
Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Owen SC. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. fifth. Rowe R C, Sheskey P J, Owen S C, editors. Vol. 1. Pharmaceutical press and the American Pharmacist Association; 2006.
REPTA A J, HIGUCHI T. Synthesis and Isolation of Citric Acid Anhydride. J Pharm Sci. 1969; 58(4):505-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600580434
Saleh S I, Boymond C, Stamm A. Preparation of direct compressible effervescent spray-dried sodium bicarbonate. Internotionol Journal of Phormoceutics. 1988; 45:19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(88)90030-0
Sodium Bicarbonate Powder for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications | Effer Soda - SPI Pharma. Available from: https://www.spipharma.com/en/products/functional-excipients/effer-soda/
UNION PHARMA SCIENT APPL. Carbonated lysine - as carbonate source in effervescent compositions. France: France Patent; FR2170923A1, 1972.
Merten H L, Bachman G L. Stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate. United States Patent; 4237147, 1974. p. 01-18.
Sodium Carbonate | Na2CO3 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-carbonate#section=Associated-Chemicals
Wells ML, Wood DL, Sanftleben R, Shaw K, Hottovy J, Weber T, et al. Potassium carbonate as a desiccant in effervescent tablets. Int J Pharm. 1997; 152:227-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00093-8
5: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium Sesquicarbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Sodium Carbonate. 1987; 6(1):121-38. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10915818709095491 https://doi.org/10.3109/10915818709095491
DE2305735C2 - L-lysine carbamate, process for its production and its use in effervescent mixtures and effervescent medicaments - Google Patents. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/DE2305735C2/en
Chiesi P, Ventura P, Mezzadri R, Brambilla G, Acerbi D. Pharmaceutical compositions containing an effervescent acid-base couple. United states Patent; US6667056 B2, 2001. p. 01-8.
Sendall FEJ, Staniforth JN. A study of powder adhesion to metal surfaces during compression of effervescent pharmaceutical tablets. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1986; 38(7):489-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb04620.x
Pandey R M, Upadhyay S K. Food additives. Prof. Yehia El-camra. Food Chemistry. InTech ; 2012. 273-303 p.
Aly A M, Qato M K. Stability study of famotidine effervescent tablets prepared by a seperated granulation technique. Bull Pharm Sci. 2001; 24(2):235-41. https://doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2001.65960
Kar M, Chourasiya Y, Maheshwari R, Tekade RK. Current developments in excipient science: Implication of quantitative selection of each excipient in product development. In: Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery. Elsevier; 2018. p. 29-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817909-3.00002-9
What is Dimethylpolysiloxane (E900) in Food and What are the Uses?]. Available from: https://foodadditives.net/antifoaming-agent/dimethylpolysiloxane/
Simone V De, Caccavo D, Dalmoro A, Lamberti G, d'Amore M, Barba AA. Inside the Phenomenological Aspects of Wet Granulation: Role of Process Parameters. In: Granularity in Materials Science. InTech; 2018. p. 63-84. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79840
Zheng X, Wu F, Hong Y, Shen L, Lin X, Feng Y. Improvements in sticking, hygroscopicity, and compactibility of effervescent systems by fluid-bed coating. RSC Adv. 2019; 9(54):31594-608. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA05884B
Jean Bru. Process for manufacturing effervescent granules and tablets. Vol. 614. France: United states Patent; 4614648, 1983. p. 01-7.
A Comparison of Granulation Technologies. Available from: https://www.gea.com/en/customer-cases/comparing-granulation-techniques.jsp
Liu B, Wang J, Zeng J, Zhao L, Wang Y, Feng Y, et al. A review of high shear wet granulation for better process understanding, control and product development. Powder Technol. 2021 Mar 1; 381:204-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.051
Haack D, Gergely I, Metz C. The TOPO Granulation Technology Used in the Manufacture of Effervescent Tablets New, user-friendly dosage forms enable product line extensions. TechnoPharm 2. 2012; Nr. 3:186-91.
Lima AL, Pinho LAG, Chaker JA, Sa-Barreto LL, Marreto RN, Gratieri T, et al. Hot-melt extrusion as an advantageous technology to obtain effervescent drug products. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Aug 1; 12(8):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080779
Tawar M, Raut K, Chaudhary R, Jain N. Solubility Enhancement of Resveratrol by Effervescence Assisted Fusion Technique. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology 2022; 14(4):293-8. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4377.2022.00048
Yanze FM, Duru C, Jacob M. A Process to Produce Effervescent Tablets: Fluidized Bed Dryer Melt Granulation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm [Internet]. 2000; 26(11):1167-76. Available from: www.dekker.com https://doi.org/10.1081/DDC-100100988
Murray RB. New Approach to the Fusion Method for Preparing Granular Effervescent Products. Industrial Pharmaceutical technology. 1968; 57(10):1776-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600571032
Al-Mousawy J, Al-Hussainy Z, Alaayedi M. Formulation and evaluation of effervescent granules of ibuprofen. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2019 Nov 1; 11(6):66-9. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i6.34912
Lodhi VD, Jadon AS, Sen J, Jain PK, Thakur BS, Khare B, et al. Effervescent Tablets: Everything You Need To Know. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2022 Dec 15; 2(4):1-8. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i4.18
Bulk density and Tapped density of powders. In: United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP 41-NF 36) [Internet]. United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2016; 1-3. Available from: https://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/usp/document/harmonization/gen-chapter/bulk_density.pdf
Uniformity of Weight of Single-Dose Preparations . In: Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Indian Pharmacopoeia Laboratory, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; 2018. p. 308.
Uniformity of Content of Single-Dose Preparations. In: Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Indian Pharmacopoeia Laboratory, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; 2018. p. 308-9.
Friability of Uncoated Tablet. In: Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Indian Pharmacopoeia Laboratory, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; 2018. p. 309.
Measuring Moisture Content & Water Activity - IFT.org. Available from: https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2009/november/columns/laboratory
H.A. Lieberman LLJLK. Pharmaceutical dosage form: Tablets. In: The theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy. third. Varghese publishing house; 1987. p. 293-345.
Frederick G Page. CARBON DIOXIDE IN SELF-RISING FLOUR AND BAKING POWDER A STUDY IN APPARATUS. Bull Hist Chem. 2017; 42(1):29-45.
Arshad MS, Sedhain K, Hussain A, Abbas N, Mudassir J, Mehmood F, et al. Quantification of carbon dioxide released from effervescent granules as a predictor of formulation quality using modified chittick apparatus. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2019 Mar 1; 18(3):449-58. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i3.1
Amela J, Salazar R, Cemeli J. Methods for the determination of the carbon dioxide evolved from effervescent systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1993; 19(9):1019-36. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639049309062998
Crossno S.K. KLH, KGH. Determinations of carbon dioxide by titration. J Chem Educ. 1996; 73(2):175-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed073p175
Rosch M, Lucas K, Al‐gousous J, Pöschl U, Langguth P. Formulation and Characterization of an Effervescent Hydrogen‐Generating Tablet. Pharmaceuticals. 2021 Dec 1; 14(12):01-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121327
Coimbra FCT, Rocha MM, Oliveira VC, Macedo AP, Pagnano VO, Silva-Lovato CH, et al. Antimicrobial activity of effervescent denture tablets on multispecies biofilms. Gerodontology. 2021 Mar 1; 38(1):87-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12500
Chaiya P, Rojviriya C, Pichayakorn W, Phaechamud T. New Insight into the Impact of Effervescence on Gel Layer Microstructure and Drug Release of Effervescent Matrices Using Combined Mechanical and Imaging Characterisation Techniques. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Nov 1; 14(11):01-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112299
Pereira MN, Schulte HL, Duarte N, Lima EM, Sá-Barreto LL, Gratieri T, et al. Solid effervescent formulations as new approach for topical minoxidil delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017 Jan 1; 96:411-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.016
Effervescent tablets and ultrasonic devices against Candida and mutans streptococci in denture biofilm. | Sigma-Aldrich Available from: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/IN/en/tech-docs/paper/258922?&msclkid=8192fd9b66971cf60eda99d1733c6885&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=all%20product_dsa_NA_(bing%20ebizpfs)&utm_term=product%20&utm_content=all%20products&gclid=8192fd9b66971cf60eda99d1733c6885&gclsrc=3p.ds
Freye E. A new transmucosal drug delivery system for patients with breakthrough cancer pain: the fentanyl effervescent buccal tablet. J Pain Res [Internet]. 2009; 2:13-20. Available from: https://www.dovepress.com/ https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S3865
Srinivasa D, Charyulu NR, Satyanarayana D, Srilakshmi D. Formulation and in vitro comparative evaluation of orodispersible tablets of Pantoprazole. Res J Pharm Technol. 2015; 8(10):1389. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00249.8
Elhassan M, Shayoub A. Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Senna Effervescent Tablets. Journal of forest products and industries [Internet]. 2012; 1(2):21-5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267337159
Banarase NB, Khadabadi SS, Farooqui IA, Bhopale NM. A novel effervescent tablet of fenugreek extract. Research J Pharm and Tech [Internet]. 2008; 1(3):252-4. Available from: http://www.pharmpedia.com/Effervescent_tablet.
Sagar T, Yogesh S, Rawat SS, Satish N. Formulation development & evaluation of effervescent tablet of alendronate sodium with vitamin D3. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics [Internet]. 2011; 2013(3):65-74. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v3i5.623
Jugale P, Kadam A, Kadam A, Jetithor N, Kore P, Mohite S, et al. PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL BATH BOMB OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BETEL LEAVES. SGVU Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Education. 2020; (1):465-70. Available from: http://www.gyanvihar.org/researchjournals/
Pachoriya R, Sharma A. New Technologies in Particulate Engineering for Pulmonary Delivery of Macromolecule. Research J Pharm and Tech. 2011; 4(2):167-74.
Published
Abstract Display: 4968
PDF Downloads: 6710
PDF Downloads: 570 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

.