Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Sphaeranthus indicus and Spathodea campanulata Flowers Extracts
Abstract
Since the dawn of time, humans have used plants as a natural source for healing and remedies. Among these, medicinal herbs have gained popularity due to their widespread use and lack of negative side effects. The globe has seen a rise in plant study in recent years, and a tonne of data has been gathered to demonstrate the enormous potential of the therapeutic plants employed in many traditional systems. In this work, flower extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus and Spathodea campanulata from the Madhya Pradesh region of Bhopal were evaluated for their qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition. The well-known test procedure described in the literature was used to determine the quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents. Sphaeranthus indicus and Spathodea campanulata both included alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, fixed oils and lipids, flavonoids, and phenolics, according to phytochemical analyses. By using the Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and the aluminium chloride method, respectively, phenolic and flavonoid quantities were analysed quantitatively. The amount of total phenolics in the methanolic extract of the flowers of Sphaeranthus indicus and Spathodea campanulata was 18.23±0.16 and 217.00±0.916mg/gm, respectively. Flavonoids came in second with 164.10±0.52 and 79.33±3.511mg/gm. This research gave information that might be used to standardize and correctly identify this plant material. The wide range of phytochemicals found in the plant thus points to its medicinal potentials, which could be investigated in both traditional medicine and the drug manufacturing business.
Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, Spathodea campanulata, Qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, Phytochemical analysis
Keywords:
Sphaeranthus indicus, Spathodea campanulata, Qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, Phytochemical analysisDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i4.5824References
Shankar D, Ved DK. Indian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The Indian Forester 2003; 129:275-288.
Dahanukar SA, Kulkarni RA, Rege NN. Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 2000; 32:S81-S118.
Jadhav VM, Thorat RM, Kadam VJ, Sathe NS. Eclipta alba Linn- Kesharaja: Review. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009; 2:1236-1241.
Wart G. A dictionary of economic products of India, 1971.
Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra JC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, 1956.
Ambavade S, Mhetre N, Tate V, Bodhankar S. Pharmacological evaluation of the extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers on anxiolytic activity in mice. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2006; 38(4):254-259. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.27021
Bafna AR, Mishra SH. Immunomodulatory activity of methanol extracts of flower-heads of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Ars Pharmaceutica 2004; 45(3):281-291.
Dubey KS, Ansari AH, Hardaha M. Antimicrobial activity of the extract of Sphaeranthus indicus. Asian Journal of Chemistry 2000; 12(2):577-578.
Singh SK, Saroj KM, Tripathi VH, Singh AK, Singh RH. An antimicrobial principle from Sphaeranthus indicus L. (family compositae). International Journal of Crude Drug Research 1988; 26(4):235-239. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880208809053925
Mahajan RT, Chaudhari GS, Chopda MZ. Screening of some indigenous plants for their possible antibacterial activity. Environmental Bulletin 1999; 15:61-62.
Garg SC, Kasera HL. In vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus L. Fitoterapia 1983; 54:37-39.
Sadaf F, Saleem R, Ahmed M, Ahmad SI, Navaidul- Zafar. Healing potential of cream containing extract of Sphaeranthus indicus on dermal wounds in Guinea pigs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2006; 107(2):161-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.02.022
Pujar PP, Sawaikar DD, Rojatkar SR, Nagasampagi BA. Eudesmanoids from Sphaeranthus indicus. Fitoterapia 2000; 71(3):264-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00157-4
Yadava RN, Kumar S. A novel isoflavone glycoside from the leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus. Fitoterapia 1999; 70(2):127-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(98)00018-5
Rojatkar SR, Nagasampagi BA. 7- Hydroxyeudesmanolides from Sphaeranthus indicus. Phytochemistry 1992; 31(9):3270-3271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83492-H
Singh SK, Tripathi VJ, Sing RH. β-D-Glucoside of 24(s)24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3-β-ol from Sphaeranthus indicus L. Indian Drugs 1988; 26:317-318.
Lodha V. Chemical analysis of the essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus-An ayurvedic plant of India. Indian Perfumer 2003; 47:29-30.
Shekhani MS, Shah PM, Khan KM, Atta-ur-Rahman. New eudesmanolides from Sphaeranthus indicus. Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia) 1991; 54(3):882-885. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50075a025
Humaria YS, Tripathi L, Bhattacharya S. Antidiabetic plants used by tribals in Madhya Pradesh. Natural Product Radiance 2004; 3:427.
Yoganarasmiha SN. Medcinal plants of India. Karnataka: 2000; pp 442.
Pianaro A, Pinto JP, Ferreira DT, et al. Iridoid glucoside and antifungal phenoilic compounds from Spathodea campanulata roots. Ciencias Agrarias 2007; 28(2):251-256. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2007v28n2p251
Ngouela S, Tsamo E, Sondengam BL, et al. Spathodol, a new polyhydroxysterol from the leaves of Spathodea campanulata. Journal of Natural Product 1991; 54(3):873-876. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50075a023
El-Hela AA. Phenolics from Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Leaves. Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2001a; 27:152-162.
El-Hela AA. A new iridoid glucoside from Spathodea campanulata Beauv Leaves. Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2001b; 27:115-120.
Sankara Subramanian S, Nagarajan S, Sulochana N. Flavonoids of eight bignoniaceous plants. Phytochemistry 1972; 11:1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90115-8
Markinde JM, Adesogen EK, Amusan OOG. The schizontocidal activity of Spathodea campanulata leaf extract on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. Phytotherapy Research 1987; 1(2): 65-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650010205
Ilodigwe EE, Akah PA. Campanulata: an experimental evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of a traditional Remedy. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 1(2):35-38.
Niyonzima G, Laekeman G et al., Hypoglycemic, anticomplement and anti-HIV activities Spathodea campanulata stem bark. Phytomedicine 1999; 6(1):45-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80034-8
Makinde JM, Amusan OOG, Adesogan EK. The antimalarial activity of Spathodea campanulata stems bark extract on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. Planta Medica 1988; 54(2):122-125. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962367
Pradhan A, Jain P, Pal M, Chauhan M, Jain DK. Qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemical contents of hydroalcoholic extract of Salmalia malabarica. Pharmacologyonline 2019; 1:21-6.
Dutta R, Sharma MK, Khan A, Jha M. Phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant assay of Fumaria officinalis leaf extract. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 2020; 11(03):176-82.
Jain DK, Gupta S, Jain R, Jain N. Anti-inflammatory Activity of 80% Ethanolic Extract of Acorus calamus Linn. Leaves in Albino Rats. Research Journal of Pharma Technology 2010; 3(3):882-884.
Joshi S, Parkhe G, Aqueel N, Dixit N, Jain DK. Estimation of total phenolic, total flavonoids and total protein content of hydroalcoholic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum. Pharmacologyonline. 2019; 1:27-33
Published
Abstract Display: 632 
PDF Downloads: 623 PDF Downloads: 222 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.