COVID-19: New Challenge in 21st Century

Authors

  • Siddhesh Sunil Tamboli Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002
  • A.B. Surwade Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002
  • K.J. Mahale Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002
  • A.B. Darekar Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-5248
  • L.K. Wagh Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002
  • P.G. Ugale Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic turned into the proven existence-threatening virus in-line with World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency of International Concerned and our healthcare system found a challenge to save human civilization. This evaluation gives a brief idea of COVID-19 epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. Exclusive drugs like Dexamethasone and Remdesivir were found effective to treat the virus was covered in this review article. Pathophysiology of virus in the body of diabetes and cancer patients, there mechanism of action and risk involved in that patients were studied. This review turned to conduct on data found in science direct, various information sources on the internet and different review articles were studied. The major objective is to provide a brief overview of this disease, study infectious virus effect on   human beings proves to be an existence-threat to the world population and brief overview of COVID-19 was covered in this review article.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, MERS, Vaccine, Dexamethasone, Remdesivir.

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2, MERS, Vaccine, Dexamethasone, Remdesivir

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5547

Author Biographies

Siddhesh Sunil Tamboli, Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

A.B. Surwade, Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

K.J. Mahale, Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

A.B. Darekar, Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

L.K. Wagh, Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

P.G. Ugale, Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

Krantiveer Vasantrao Narayanrao Naik Shikshan Prasarak Sanstha, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-422002

References

Fong JF, Dey N, Chaki Y, "artificial intelligence for coronavirus outbreak" Pubmed, 2020; 23:23-45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7307708/ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5936-5_2

Singhal T, Dhochak N, Kabra SK, "Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Why Children Fare Better than Adults?" pubmed, 2020; 87:281¬-286. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7247914/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03322-y

Ben Hu, Hua Guo, Peng Zhou, Zheng-Li shi, "characteristics of SARS COV-2 and COVID-19", Pubmed 2021; 19:141-154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30849247/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7

Totura AL, Bavari S, "Broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery", Pubmed, 2019; 397-412. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30849247/ https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2019.1581171

Borsetti A, Virol J, Scarpa F,Marutti A, Divino F, 2022, The Unresolved question on COVID-19 virus origin: The three cards game?, Pubmed, 2022;94:1257-1260. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34897750/ https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27519

Mohan BS, Nambiar V, "Covid-19: An insight into SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Originated at Wuhan City in Hubei Province of China", ClinMed, 2021; 2474-3658. https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510146

Vasantha RN, Patil SB, "Indian publication on SARS COV-2: A bibliometric study of WHO COVID-19 Database", Pubmed, 2020; 14:1171-1178. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7348603/#__ffn_sectitle https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.007

World health Organization, coronavirus disease (COVID_19) HIV and Anti retrovirus, 30 Nov 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-hiv-and-antiretrovirals

countries where COVID-19 has spread. Last update: June 29 , 2022Available at :https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/countries-where-coronavirus-has-spread/ Accessed June 28 , 2022.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID_19) BMJ Publising Group 2020 ISSN: 2515-9615. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000201

Azer SA, "COVID-19: pathophysiology, diagnosis, complication, and investigational therapeutics", Pubmed 2020; 37:100738. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32834902/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100738

Professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Kolle, Coursera organization; 2021 https://www.coursera.org/lecture/contact-tracing-for-covid-19/epidemiology-of-covid-19-Y4JDJ?utm_source=bg&utm_medium=sem&utm_campaign=94-BrandedSearch-IN&utm_content=94-BrandedSearch-IN&campaignid=415374026&adgroupid=1221557894734029&device=c&keyword=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coursera.org%2F&matchtype=b&network=o&devicemodel=&adpostion=&creativeid=&hide_mobile_promo&msclkid=06b0341668bf15cf9f94568293a2f272&utm_term=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coursera.org%2F

Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S, "COVID-19 Pathophysiology A review", Pumbed, 2020; 215:108427. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169933/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427

Wiersinga JW, Rhodes A, Allen CC, "Pathophysiology transmission, diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review", Pubmed, 2020; 324(8):782-793. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32648899/ https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12839

leilani F, "What to Known about COVID-19", Healthline, 2020. https://www.healthline.com/health/coronavirus-diagnosis

UPMC Life change medicine, What is COVID-19.2021 https://www.upmc.com/coronavirus/covid-19

Melinda Ratini, Do, Coronavirus (COVID-19) treatment Medical Reference WebMD 2022 https://www.webmd.com/lung/covid-treatment-home-hospital

COVID-19 treatment Guidelines, An official website of the United States government May 31, 2022 https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/hospitalized-adults-therapeutic-management/

Engl NJ, "Dexamethasone in Hospitalized patients with Covid 19" Pubmed, 2021; 384(8):693-704. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32678530 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021436

Devi Shetty, Bussiness Standard Channel, Dr. CS Pramesh, Director Tata Memorial Hospital 2021 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFkqDyT71rA&feature=youtu.be

Remdesivir; Drug information. UptoDate Lexicamp, 2022 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/remdesivir-drug-information

Rauf A, Abu- Seid T, Kannan RR, Olatunde A, Tufail T, "COVID-19 Pandemic: Epidemiology and Non-Conventional and Non- conventional Therapies", 2020; 17(21):8155. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33158234/ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218155

Dina DuangCMAJ; 2021.193: E1059-E1060 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342008/ https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1095949

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Varient World Health ORGANIZATION, 2022 https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-COV-2-variants

Lim S, Nauck M, "COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management" Nature Review, 2020; 17:11-30. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-020-00435-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00435-4

Nassar .M, Daoud A, Misra A, "Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: Review Article", 2021; 15(6):102268. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416292/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102268

Bora VR, Patel BM, "Deadly Duo of Covid- 19 and cancer!" Pubmed, 2021; 643004. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.643004/full https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.643004

Haar JV, Hoes LR, "caring for patients with cancer in covid 19 era", 2020; 26:665-671. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0874-8?report=reader https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0874-8

Helleberg M, Niemann CU, Moestrup SK, "Persistent covid 19 in an immuno-compromised patients temporarily Responsive to two courses of remedisivir therapy", 2020; 1103-1107. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/222/7/1103/5875658?login=false https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa446

Sheppard M, Laskou F, Stapleton PP, Hadavi S, "Tocilizumab (Actemra)", Pubmed, 2017; 13(9):1972-1988. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5612212/ https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1316909

Samace H, Monsenzadegan M, Ala S, Moroufi SS, Moradimajd P, "Tocilizumab for treatment patients with Covid - 19: Recommended medication for novel diseases", Pubmed, 2020; 89:107018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494278/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107018

Singh. K. A, Singh. A, Singh.R, Misra. A, "Molnupiravir in covid - 19, systematic review of literature", Pubmed, 2021; 15(6):102329. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8556684 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102329

Aremu F, Lockett E, "What you need to know about the Sputnik V covid 19 Vaccine", Healthline, 2021. https://www.healthline.com/health/adult-vaccines/sputnik-v

Thiagarajan K, "What do we know about India's Covaxin vaccine?" BMJ, 2021; 373-997. https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n997 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n997

Sengar C, "Covisheild Vaccine FAQ: All that you to know About this vaccine", onlymyhealth, 2021. https://www.onlymyhealth.com/covishield-vaccine-faq-know-everything-about-covishield-vaccine-1620028504

Evolution, Interspecies Transmission, and Zoonotic Significance of Animal Coronaviruses, 18 octomber 2021. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.719834/full

Published

2022-07-15
Statistics
Abstract Display: 611
PDF Downloads: 560
PDF Downloads: 230

How to Cite

1.
Tamboli SS, Surwade A, Mahale K, Darekar A, Wagh L, Ugale P. COVID-19: New Challenge in 21st Century. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2022 Jul. 15 [cited 2026 Jan. 21];12(4):174-80. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5547

How to Cite

1.
Tamboli SS, Surwade A, Mahale K, Darekar A, Wagh L, Ugale P. COVID-19: New Challenge in 21st Century. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2022 Jul. 15 [cited 2026 Jan. 21];12(4):174-80. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5547

Most read articles by the same author(s)