CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF MARINE ACTINOMYCETES FROM ESTUARIES OF UTTARA KANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
Abstract
The oceans cover about 70% of the Earth’s surface and harbor most of the planets biodiversity. The marine environment has become a prime resource in search and discovery for novel natural products and biological diversity and marine actinomycetes turn out to be important contributors. The diversity of marine actinomycetes is enormous and has immense scope for the discovery of novel bioactive metabolites. The present study describes the antimicrobial potential of crude extracts of marine Actinomycetes species isolated from Aghanashini, Sharavathi and Kali estuaries of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. The sediment and water samples were collected from different sites of estuaries and subjected for serial dilution and plating. A total of 43 actinomycetes isolates were obtained on Starch Casein Nitrate Agar and Kusters Agar supplemented with 10% sea water. The isolates were identified as Actinomycetes by morphological and biochemical studies. The results revealed diversity of Actinomycetes with varying spore, aerial and substrate mycelium colours such as white, grey, pink, yellow and black. The colonies formed were discrete, powdery, raised and velvety colonies with brown, yellow and maroon pigmentations. The spore chain morphology studies showed different arrangements like rectus, flexibilis, retinaculum aperatum – open loops, hooks and spira – simple spirals. Primary screening for antimicrobial activity was determined by cross streak method against 16 bacterial isolates among which 07 isolates were gram positive and 09 isolates were gram negative, 02 yeasts viz., Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans and a dermatophyte Trichosporon. The actinomycetes isolates from marine environments have shown to be potent in inhibiting the test bacteria and fungi. Further studies on cytotoxic potential of the actinomycetes isolates on cell lines are under progress.
Keywords:
Actinomycetes, Marine sediments, Estuary, Antimicrobial, Cross streak method.
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References
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11. Jayaprakashvel M, “Therapeutically Active Biomolecules from Marine Actinomycetes†Journal of Modern Biotechnology, 2012, 1(1), 1-7.
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27. Sahin N, Ugur A, “Investigation of the Antimicrobial activity of some Streptomyces isolates†Turkish Journal of Biology, 2003, 27, 79-84.
28. Haritha R, Siva Kumar K, Jagan Mohan YSYV, Ramana T, “Amylolytic and Proteolytic actinobacteria isolated from Marine Sediments of Bay of Bengal†International Journal of Microbiological Research, 2010, 1(2), 37-44.
29. Devi GY, Kumar LB, Lokeshwari N, Arjun P, Ramulu HS, “Isolation of the marine actinomycetes from the Bay of Bengal sediments†International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences, 2013, 3(2), 121-123.
30. Sirisha B, Haritha R, Mohan YSYVJ, Sivakumar K, Ramana T, 2013. Bioactive compounds from Marine actinomycetes isolated from the sediments of Bay of Bengal. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences. 2013, 3(2), 256-264.
31. Remya M, Vijayakumar R, “Isolation and Characterization of Marine Antagonistic Actinomycetes from West Coast of India†Medicine and Biology, 2008, 15(1), 13-19.
32. Valli S, Sugasini SS, Aysha OS, Nirmala P, Kumar VP, Reena A, “Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment†Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, 469-473.
33. Haque U, Rahman A, Haque A, Sarker AS, Islam A, “Antimicrobial and Anticancer activities of Ethyl acetate extract of co culture of Streptomyces sp ANAM-5 and AIAH-10 isolated from Mangrove forest of Sundarbans, Bangladesh†Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012, 6(2): 51-55.
34. Sharma C, Mehtani P, Bhatnagar P, Mathur N, “Saline water: A potential source of Actinomycetes possessing antibacterial activity†International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2013, 3(3): 242-251.
35. Sagar S, Esau L, Hikmawan T, Antunes A, Holtermann K, Stingl U, Bajic VB, Kaur M, “Cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluations of marine bacteria isolated from brine seawater interface of the Red sea†BMC complementary and Alternative medicine, 2013, 13-29.
36. Dasari VRRK, Nikku MY, Donthireddy SRR, “Screening of Antagonistic Marine Actinomycetes: Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of Novel Antibiotic by Amycolatopsis Alba var. nov. DVR D4†Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, 2011, 3(5), 92-98.
37. Sunaryanto R, Marwoto B, “Marine Actinomycetes Screening of Banten West Coast and their antibiotics purification†Biodiversitas, 2010, 11(4), 176-181.
38. Rajan CP, Priya MA, Jayapradha D, Devi SS, “Isolation and Characterization of Marine Actinomycetes from West Coast of India for Its Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity†International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 2012, 3(3), 641-645.
39. Bais YG, Nimbekar TP, Wanjari BE, Timande SP, “Isolation of Antibacterial compounds from marine soil actinomycetes†International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 2012, 3(3), 193-196.
40. Gautham SA, Shobha KS, Onkarappa R, Kekuda TRP, “Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces species from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India†Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2012, 5(2), 233-238.
41. Kekuda PTR, Shobha KS, Onkarappa R, Gautham SA, Raghavendra HL, “Screening Biological Activities of a Streptomyces Species Isolated from soil of Agumbe, Karnataka, India†International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2012, 4(3), 104-114.
42. Kekuda PTR, Onkarappa R, Gautham SA, Mesta SC, Raghavendra HL, “Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic activity of Streptomyces species from Western Ghat Soils of Karnataka, India†Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 2015, 4(2), 164-180.
43. Haggag WM, Sehemy RIA, “Screening of Marine Actinomycetes for their Antifungal activities in Egypt†International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2014, 5(4), 527-536.
44. Kekuda PTR, Dileep N, Junaid S, Rakesh KN, Mesta SC, Onkarappa R, “Biological activities of Streptomyces species SRDP-07 isolated from soil of Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India†International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2013, 5(3), 268-285.
45. Nedialkova D, Naidenova M, “Screening The Antimicrobial Activity Of Actinomycetes Strains Isolated From Antarctica†Journal of Culture Collections, 2004, 4, 29-35.
46. Nakade DB, “Biodiversity of Actinomycetes in Hypersaline soils of Kolhapur district and their Screening as potential antibiotic producer, India†Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2012, 1, 317-319.
47. Shobha KS, Onkarappa R, “In vitro susceptibility of C. albicans and C. neoformans to potential metabolites from Streptomycetes†Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2011, 51(4), 445-449.
2. Fenical W, Jensen PR, “Developing a new resource for drug discovery marine actinomycete bacteria†Nature Chemical Biology, 2006, 2: 666-673.
3. Solanki R, Khanna M, RupLal R, “Bioactive compounds from Marine actinomycetes†Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2008, 48, 410-431.
4. Priya AJ, Sagadevan E, Dhanalakshmi P, Satish Kumar S, Karthikeyan V, Armugam P, “Detection of Antioxidant activities in marine actinomycetes from Puducherry Coastal Region†Journal of Modern Biotechnology, 2012, 1(2), 63-69.
5. Donia M, Humann MT, “Marine natural products and their applications as anti-infective agents†Lancet Infect Dis, 2003, 3(6), 338-348.
6. Magarvey NA, Keller JM, Bernan V, Dworkin M, Sherman DH, “Isolation and Characterization of Novel Marine Derived Actinomycete Taxa Rich in Bioactive Metabolites†Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004, 70(12), 7520-7529.
7. Singh P, Trivedi B, Soma, “Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes against microbes isolated from Ayurvedic Drugs†International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2012, 3(12), 132-135.
8. Oskay M, Tamer UA, Azeri C, “Antibacterial activity of some actinomycetes isolated from farming soils of Turkey†African Journal of Biotechnology, 2004, 3(9), 441-446.
9. Kalyani ALT, Sravani RKM, Annapurna J, “Isolation and Characterization of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from marine soil samples†International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(2), 109-112.
10. Dhinakaran DI, Manohari V, Atchya B, Tamilselvi K, Lipton AP, “Antifungal and Cytotoxic activities of some Marine Sponges Collected from the South East Coast of India†Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012, 2(1), 52-55.
11. Jayaprakashvel M, “Therapeutically Active Biomolecules from Marine Actinomycetes†Journal of Modern Biotechnology, 2012, 1(1), 1-7.
12. Siva Kumar K, “Actinomycetes of an Indian Mangrove (Pichavaram) environment: An Inventory†Ph.D. thesis, Annamalai University, India, 2001, pp-91.
13. Jensen PR, Mincer TJ, Williams PG, Fenical W, “Marine actinomycete diversity and natural product discovery†Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2005, 87, 43-48.
14. Bibb MJ, “Regulation of secondary metabolism in Streptomycetes†Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2005, 8, 208-215.
15. Ward AC, Bora N, “Diversity and biogeography of marine actinobacteria†Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2006, 9, 279-286.
16. Ramachandra TV, “Vegetation status in Uttara Kannada District†MJS, 2007, 6(1),1-26.
17. Naik AR, Technical Report of Uttara Kannada, 2009. P. 2-4.
18. Basha NS, Rekha R, Komala M, Ruby S, “Production of extracellular anti-leukemic enzyme L-asparaginase from marine actinomycetes by solid state and submerged fermentation: Purification and characterization†Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2009, 8(4), 353 – 360.
19. Vimal V, Rajan BM, Kannabiran K, “Antimicrobial activity of marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis sp. VITSVK 5 (FJ973467)†Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009, 1(2), 57-63.
20. Reddy NG, Ramakrishna DPN, Raja Gopal SV, “A morphological, physiological and biochemical studies of marine Streptomyces rochei (MTCC 10109) showing antagonistic activity against selective human pathogenic microorganisms†Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2011, 1-14.
21. Imada C, Koseki N, Kamata M, Kobayashi T, Sato NH, “Isolation and Characterization of antibacterial substances produced by marine actinomycetes in the presence of seawater†Actinomycetologica, 2007, 21(1), 27-31.
22. Shrilling EB, Gottlieb D, “Methods of characterization of Streptomyces species†International Journal of Bacteriology, 1966, 61, 313-340.
23. Kannan N. Hand book of laboratory culture media, reagents, stains and buffers. Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi; 2003. P. 152-161.
24. Holt JG, Krieg RN, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, Williams ST, Bergeys manual of determinative Bacteriology, Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland. 9th edition; 2000.
25. Aneja KR. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom cultivation. 2nd Edition. Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi; 1996.
26. Cappuccino and Sherman, Microbiology a Laboratory Manual. 4th edition. The Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing Company Inc; 1999.
27. Sahin N, Ugur A, “Investigation of the Antimicrobial activity of some Streptomyces isolates†Turkish Journal of Biology, 2003, 27, 79-84.
28. Haritha R, Siva Kumar K, Jagan Mohan YSYV, Ramana T, “Amylolytic and Proteolytic actinobacteria isolated from Marine Sediments of Bay of Bengal†International Journal of Microbiological Research, 2010, 1(2), 37-44.
29. Devi GY, Kumar LB, Lokeshwari N, Arjun P, Ramulu HS, “Isolation of the marine actinomycetes from the Bay of Bengal sediments†International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences, 2013, 3(2), 121-123.
30. Sirisha B, Haritha R, Mohan YSYVJ, Sivakumar K, Ramana T, 2013. Bioactive compounds from Marine actinomycetes isolated from the sediments of Bay of Bengal. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences. 2013, 3(2), 256-264.
31. Remya M, Vijayakumar R, “Isolation and Characterization of Marine Antagonistic Actinomycetes from West Coast of India†Medicine and Biology, 2008, 15(1), 13-19.
32. Valli S, Sugasini SS, Aysha OS, Nirmala P, Kumar VP, Reena A, “Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment†Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, 469-473.
33. Haque U, Rahman A, Haque A, Sarker AS, Islam A, “Antimicrobial and Anticancer activities of Ethyl acetate extract of co culture of Streptomyces sp ANAM-5 and AIAH-10 isolated from Mangrove forest of Sundarbans, Bangladesh†Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012, 6(2): 51-55.
34. Sharma C, Mehtani P, Bhatnagar P, Mathur N, “Saline water: A potential source of Actinomycetes possessing antibacterial activity†International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2013, 3(3): 242-251.
35. Sagar S, Esau L, Hikmawan T, Antunes A, Holtermann K, Stingl U, Bajic VB, Kaur M, “Cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluations of marine bacteria isolated from brine seawater interface of the Red sea†BMC complementary and Alternative medicine, 2013, 13-29.
36. Dasari VRRK, Nikku MY, Donthireddy SRR, “Screening of Antagonistic Marine Actinomycetes: Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of Novel Antibiotic by Amycolatopsis Alba var. nov. DVR D4†Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, 2011, 3(5), 92-98.
37. Sunaryanto R, Marwoto B, “Marine Actinomycetes Screening of Banten West Coast and their antibiotics purification†Biodiversitas, 2010, 11(4), 176-181.
38. Rajan CP, Priya MA, Jayapradha D, Devi SS, “Isolation and Characterization of Marine Actinomycetes from West Coast of India for Its Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity†International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 2012, 3(3), 641-645.
39. Bais YG, Nimbekar TP, Wanjari BE, Timande SP, “Isolation of Antibacterial compounds from marine soil actinomycetes†International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 2012, 3(3), 193-196.
40. Gautham SA, Shobha KS, Onkarappa R, Kekuda TRP, “Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces species from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India†Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2012, 5(2), 233-238.
41. Kekuda PTR, Shobha KS, Onkarappa R, Gautham SA, Raghavendra HL, “Screening Biological Activities of a Streptomyces Species Isolated from soil of Agumbe, Karnataka, India†International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2012, 4(3), 104-114.
42. Kekuda PTR, Onkarappa R, Gautham SA, Mesta SC, Raghavendra HL, “Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic activity of Streptomyces species from Western Ghat Soils of Karnataka, India†Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 2015, 4(2), 164-180.
43. Haggag WM, Sehemy RIA, “Screening of Marine Actinomycetes for their Antifungal activities in Egypt†International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2014, 5(4), 527-536.
44. Kekuda PTR, Dileep N, Junaid S, Rakesh KN, Mesta SC, Onkarappa R, “Biological activities of Streptomyces species SRDP-07 isolated from soil of Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India†International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2013, 5(3), 268-285.
45. Nedialkova D, Naidenova M, “Screening The Antimicrobial Activity Of Actinomycetes Strains Isolated From Antarctica†Journal of Culture Collections, 2004, 4, 29-35.
46. Nakade DB, “Biodiversity of Actinomycetes in Hypersaline soils of Kolhapur district and their Screening as potential antibiotic producer, India†Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2012, 1, 317-319.
47. Shobha KS, Onkarappa R, “In vitro susceptibility of C. albicans and C. neoformans to potential metabolites from Streptomycetes†Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2011, 51(4), 445-449.
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MESTA S, Onkarappa R. CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF MARINE ACTINOMYCETES FROM ESTUARIES OF UTTARA KANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA. JDDT [Internet]. 12Nov.2017 [cited 18Apr.2024];7(6):27-. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/1527
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