Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste for Treatment of Oral Disease
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the most common cause of tooth decay. Parabens and other commonly used as anti-Streptococcus agents in toothpaste industry have numerous side effects such as discoloration of teeth. The herbal extract of all three plants gives antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and prevent and reducing the tooth decay, dental caries and given to freshness of mouth. The aim of present work was development and evaluation of herbal antimicrobial toothpaste containing Bark of Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu and flower buds of syzygium aromaticum as herbal ingredients. Different types of formulations (F1-F6) were formulated using calcium carbonate as abrasive and Glycerine as humectant in varied concentrations. All the formulations were evaluated for various parameters like dryness, color, appearance, consistency, washability, pH, spreadability and foaming power. Polyherbal toothpaste containing hydroalcoholic extract of plants was tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans with different concentrations of toothpaste were used (25, 50and 100 mg/ml). Among the tested bacteria used Staphylococcus aureus was found to be most sensitive to the formulated toothpaste as seen by zone of inhibition (19-24 mm) followed by Streptococcus mutans (13-18 mm). The results showed that the formulated polyherbal toothpaste is promising antimicrobial effects against both organisms. It may be safer compared to fully synthetic toothpaste. Further studies are warranted to prove safety and efficacy of the formulated polyherbal toothpaste.
Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu, syzygium aromaticum, polyherbal toothpaste
Downloads
References
2. Lewington A. Medicinal plants and plant extracts: a review of their importation into Europe. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 1993.
3. Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans derived glucosyltransferases: Role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res 2011; 45:69 86.
4. Wright JT, Hart TC. The genome projects: implications for dental practice and education. J Dent Educ 2002; 66:659-71.
5. Freedman ML, Tanzer JM. Dissociation of plaque formation from glucan-induced Agglutination in Mutants of Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 1974; 10(1):189- 196.
6. Davies R, Scully C, Preston AJ. Dentifrices - an update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010; 15(6): 976-82.
7. Namba T, Tsunezuka M, Hattori M. Dental caries prevention by traditional Chinese medicines. Part II. Potent antibacterial action of Magnoliae cortex extracts against Streptococcus mutans. Planta Med 1982; 44(2):100-6.
8. Orchard AE, Maslin BR. Proposal to conserve the name Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) with a conserved type. Taxon 2003; 52(2):362-363.
9. Vikrant A, Arya ML. A Review on anti-inflammatory plant barks. Inter J Pharm tech 2001; 3(2):899-908.
10. Vogel HG. Drug discovery and evolution, 2nd ed, Springer publication, New York. 2002, 772-3.
11. Asolkar LV, Kakkar KK. Second supplement to glossary of Indian medicinal plants with active principles: A-K (1965e1981). New Delhi: Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR; 1992.
12. Cortes-Rojas DF, De Souza CRF and Pereira Oliveira W: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4: 90-96.
13. Pandey A and Singh P: Antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) with metal ion effect against food borne pathogens. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2011; 1(2): 69-80.
14. Raj G, Pradeep NS, George V, Sethuraman MG. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston leaf oil. Indian J Chem 2016; 55B: 747-751.
15. IOS (International Organization for Standardization): Oil of clover leaf [Syzygium aromaticum (Linnaeus) Merril and Perry, syn. Eugenia caryophyllus (Sprengel) Bullock and S. Harrison]. ISO-Directive 3141/1997, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002.
16. Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother Res 2007; 21(4): 308-23.
17. Taroq A, El Kamari F, Oumokhtar B, Aouam I, El Atki Y, Lyoussi B, Abdellaoui A. Phytochemical screening of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum and antibacterial activity against nosocomial ınfections in neonatal ıntensive care. Inte Jo Pharma Sci Rev Res2018; 48(1): 58-61.
18. Park MJ, Gwak KS, Yang I, Choi WS, Jo HJ, Chang WJ, Jeung EB, and Choi IG. Antifungal activities of the essential oils in Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry and Leptospermum betersonni Bailey and their constituents against various dermatophytes. J Microbiol 2007; 45: 460-465.
19. Saeed S, Tariq P. In vitro antibacterial activity of clove against Gram negative bacteria. Pakistan J Botany 2008; 40(5): 2157-2160.
20. Yadav K, Prakash S.Dental Caries: A microbiological approach. J Clin Infect Dis Practice 2017; 2(1): 1-15.
21. Khandelwal KR. Practical pharmacognosy technique and experiments. 23rd Ed. Nirali Prakashan; 2005.
22. Kokate CK. Practical pharmacognosy. 4th Ed. Vallabh Prakashan; 1994.
23. Olufunmiso OO, Afolayan AJ. Phenolic content and antioxidant property of the bark extract of Ziziphus mucronata willd. Subsp. mucronata willd. BMC Complement Alter Med2011; 11:130.
24. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American J Clin Pathol1966; 45:493-496.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.