Khajur (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Medicinal importance in perspective of Unani medicine and pharmacological studies
Abstract
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is recognized as one of humanity's earliest cultivated plants, having served as a food source for over 6000 years. It holds a prominent status as the most favoured fruit in the Middle East and North Africa. Date fruit has a long history of consumption and traditional medicinal use. Whether eaten fresh or dried, dates offer a rich source of energy due to their exceptional nutritional content and extended shelf life. They provide an economical means of obtaining essential nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Furthermore, date fruit exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and many more. It is also beneficial in disorders of paralysis, sexual debility, fever etc. Date palm fruits offer a natural and safe alternative or complement to synthetic drugs in managing numerous health conditions.
Keywords: Dates, Phoenix dactylifera, Arecaceae/Palmae, Khajur, Unani Medicine.
Keywords:
Dates, Phoenix dactylifera, Arecaceae/Palmae, Khajur, Unani MedicineDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i11.6860References
1. Al-Alawi RA, Al-Mashiqri JH, Al-Nadabi JSM, Al-Shihi B, Baqi Y, Date Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Natural Products and Therapeutic Options. Front Plant Sci. 2017; 8: 845 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00845 PMid:28588600 PMCid:PMC5440559
2. Al- Shwyeh HA, Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), fruit as potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2019; 11:1-11. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_168_18 PMid:30906133 PMCid:PMC6394164
3. Anjum MF, Bukhat IS, El-Ghorab HA, Khan IM, Nadeem M, Hussain S.- Phytochemical characteristics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Pakistan Journal of Food Sciences 2012; 22(3): 117-27
4. Chao CCCT and Krueger RR - The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Overview of Biology, uses and Cultivation. Hort Science, 42: 2007: 1077-1082 https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1077
5. Usmani MI -Tanqeehul Mufridat. New Dehli: Aejaz publishing house; 2009 Nov: 86, 131, 222.
6. Anonymous, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine, 1st ed. Part- IV. New Delhi: AYUSH; Aug 2006: 136-39
7. Hong YJ, Tomas-Barberan FA, Kader AA, Mitchel AE - The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera). J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54: 2405-2411. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0581776 PMid:16536626
8. Nabi MG, - Makhzanul Mufradat wa Murakkabat Khawasul Advia. Janakpuri, New Delhi: CCRUM; 2007: 92,194,216
9. Bilgari F, Alkarkhi AFM, Easa AM - Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chem 2008; 107: 1636-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.033
10. Hossain ABMS - Dried dates fruit and its biochemical and nutrient Content: Uses as Diabetic Food. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2015; 7 (3): 90-9. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcn.2015.90.95
11. Tarique HNA, - Tajul Mufradat, 1st ed. New Dehli: Idara Kitabul Shifa; 2010 Jan: 223-24, 324- 25, 380-81, 652-53.
12. Abdu SB, the protective role of Ajwa date against the hepatotoxicity induced by Ochratoxin A, Egyp J Nat Tox 2011; 8: 1-15
13. Ghani N. Khazainul Advia. Vol VI. New Delhi: Idara Kitab-us-Shifa, 2010: 453, 454.
14. Khare CP - Indian medicinal plants and illustrated dictionary. New Delhi: Springer Science + Business Media, Berlin/Heidelberg: LLC; 2007: 478, 479. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2 PMCid:PMC2705749
15. Kirtikar and Basu - Indian medicinal plants. Vol I, edn 2nd. Periodical Experts Book Agency, D-42 Vivek Vihar, Delhi; 2012: 2561, 2562, 2563.
16. Nadkarni KM - Indian Materia Medica. Vol I. Bombay. Bombay Popular Prakashan;1976, pp 943, 944, 945.
17. Ibn Baitar ZBA - Al Jame ul Mufradat al Advia wa al- Aghziya. (Urdu trans. by CCRUM). Vol IV. New Delhi: CCRUM; 2003: 6, 349.
18. Shahmeer KSK, Shameem - Nutritional and therapeutic application of Date fruit in Unani system of medicine - A Review. Journal of Research in Indian Medicine An Official Publication of Bureau for Health & Education Status Upliftment. ISSN NO: 2582-0648, Vol. 17, Issue-1; 2022: 1-8
19. Ghani HN. Khazainul Advia. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Idara e Kitabul Shifa; 2011: 505,630,732- 34,1190.
20. Baliga MS, Baliga BR, Kandathil SM, Bhat HP, Vayalil PK - A review of the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Research International Journal. 2011 Aug; 44(7):1812-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.07.004
21. Kabeeruddin AM - Makhzanul Mufradat. New Dehli: Idara Kitabul Shifa; 2007:151, 227, 367- 68.
22. Abdul HM, Bustanul Mufradat, New Dehli: Idara Kitabul Shifa; 2002 Jun: 185, 246, 294, 520- 21.
23. Vayalil PK - Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera Linn): An Emerging Medicinal Food. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2012; 52: 249-71 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.499824 PMid:22214443
24. Al-Kuran O, Al-Mehaisen L, Bawadi H, Beitawi S, Amarin Z. The effect of late pregnancy consumption of date fruit on labour and delivery. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2011 Jan; 31(1):29-31. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2010.522267 PMid:21280989
25. Kabeeruddin M - Al-Qarabadin. New Delhi: CCRUM. 2006,1178.
26. Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th ed. New Delhi: Rajkamal electric press;2005: 471, 477, 480.
27. Deshpande NM, Deshpande MM. Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera Linn) - A review on Nutritional values, phytochemicals and Pharmacological actions. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017:6(8):419-26 https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20178-8943
28. Al-Qarawi AA, Abdel-Rahman H, Mousa HM, Ali BH, El-Mougy SA - Nephroprotective action of Phoenix dactylifera L. in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Pharmaceutical Biology.2008 Jan; 46(4): 227-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701739322
29. Rahmani AH, Aly SM, Ali H, Babiker AY, Srikar S - Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2014; 7(3): 483-91.
30. Boghdadi G, Marai A, Ali A, Lotfy G - Immunological markers in allergic rhinitis patients treated with date palm immunotherapy. Inflammation Research March 2012; 61(7):719-24) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0464-4 PMid:22456954
31. Saryono MD, Rahmawati E - Effects of dates fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the female reproductive process. International Jr of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Res. 2016 May; 3(7): 1630-33.
32. Ahmed IE, Mirghani HO, Mesaik MA, Ibrahim YM, Amin TQ - Effects of date fruit consumption on labour and vaginal delivery in Tabuk. KSA Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2018; 13(6): 557-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.11.003 PMid:31435378 PMCid:PMC6695006
33. Razali N, Nahwari SHM, Sulaiman S, Hassan J - Date fruit consumption at term: Effect on length of gestation, labour and delivery. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2017; 37(5): 595-600 https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2017.1283304 PMid:28286995
34. Perveen K, Bokhari NA, Soliman DA - Antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera L. leaf and pit extracts against selected Gram negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012 Jan; 6(2): 296-300. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1380
Published
PDF Downloads: 28
PDF Downloads: 7
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Barjees Jalal , Shugufta Hamid , Mahboob Alam , Nasir Nazir Wani , Khalid Rahim Wani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).