Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Fabrication of 3D Printed Technology in Pharmaceutical Development and Its Application
Abstract
The concept of personalized medicine tailored to individual patients has garnered considerable attention recently, particularly in exploring the potential of 3D printing technology within the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. 3D printing involves the layer-by-layer creation of three-dimensional objects from digital designs. This review aim to provide an in-depth discussion focusing on 3D printing technology, its role in drug delivery systems, and its application in the pharmaceutical product development process. Commonly categorized by material layering methods, 3D printers typically fall into inkjet, extrusion, or laser-based systems. The review delves into these different types of 3D printers and their diverse applications in drug delivery across various sectors. Additionally, it encompasses a selection of recent research conducted in the pharmaceutical realm concerning 3D printing for drug delivery applications and challenges.
Keywords: 3D printed formulation, Laser based printing, inkjet printing, extrusion-based printing
Downloads
References
Melnyk LA, Oyewumi MO. "Integration of 3D printing technology in pharmaceutical compounding: Progress, prospects, and challenges" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2021; 4(1):100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100035
Russi L, Del Gaudio C. "3D printed multicompartmental capsules for a progressive drug release" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2021; 3(1):100026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100026
Guttridge C, Shannon A, O'Sullivan A, O'Sullivan KJ, O'Sullivan LW. "Biocompatible 3D printing resins for medical applications: A review of marketed intended use, biocompatibility certification, and post-processing guidance" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2022; 5(1):100044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100044
Pugliese R, Beltrami B, Regondi S, Lunetta C. "Polymeric biomaterials for 3D printing in medicine: An overview" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2021; 2(1):100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100011
Mulcahy N, O'Sullivan KJ, O'Sullivan A, O'Sullivan L. "Preliminary assessment on the effects of line width, layer height and orientation on strength and print time for FDM printing of total contact casts for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2023; 11(1):100115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100115
Krishna DV, Sankar MR. "Machine learning-assisted extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for tissue regeneration applications" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2023; 12(1):100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100132
Eswaran H, Ponnuswamy RD, Kannapan RP. "Perspective approaches of 3D printed stuffs for personalized nutrition: A comprehensive review" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2023; 12(1):100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100125
Koshovyi O, Heinämäki J, Laidmäe I, Sandler N, Grytsyk A, Raal A. "Semi-solid extrusion 3D-printing of eucalypt extract-loaded polyethylene oxide gels intended for pharmaceutical applications" Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 2023; 12(1):100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100123
Rodríguez-Pombo L, Martínez-Castro L, Xu X, Ong JJ, Rial C, García DN, González-Santos A, Flores-González J, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Basit AW, Goyanes A. "Simultaneous fabrication of multiple tablets within seconds using tomographic volumetric 3D printing" International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 2023; 5(1):100166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100166 PMid:36880028 PMCid:PMC9984549
Mule ST, Bhusnure OG, Waghmare SS, Mali MR. "Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges in 3D Printing Technology For Personalize Medicine" Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2020; 10(4):242-252. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4.4143
Wang Z, Li J, Hong X, Han X, Liu B, Li X, Zhang H, Gao J, Liu N, Gao X, Zheng A. "Taste Masking Study Based on an Electronic Tongue: The Formulation Design of 3D Printed Levetiracetam Instant-Dissolving Tablets" Pharmaceutical Research, 2021; 38(4):831-842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-021-03041-9 PMid:33974211 PMCid:PMC8178150
Jung YL, Yoo HS, Hwang JN. "Artificial intelligence-based decision support model for new drug development planning" Expert Systems With Applications, 2022; 198:116825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116825 PMid:35283560 PMCid:PMC8902892
Wang Z, Han X, Chen R, Li J, Gao J, Zhang H, Liu N, Gao X, Zheng A. "Innovative color jet 3D printing of levetiracetam personalized paediatric preparations" Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021; 16(3):374-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2021.02.003 PMid:34276825 PMCid:PMC8261256
Hong X, Han X, Li X, Li J, Wang Z, Zheng A. "Binder Jet 3D Printing of Compound LEV-PN Dispersible Tablets: An Innovative Approach for Fabricating Drug Systems with Multicompartmental Structures" Pharmaceutics, 2021; 13(1):1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111780 PMid:34834194 PMCid:PMC8623818
Su A, Al'Aref SJ. "History of 3D printing" [Internet]. 3D Printing Applications in Cardiovascular Medicine. Elsevier Inc.; 2018: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803917-5.00001-8
Islam R, Sadhukhan P. "An insight of 3D printing technology in Pharmaceutical development and application: An Updated review" Curr Trend Pharm Res, 2020; 7(2):55-80. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348339245_AN_INSIGHT_OF_3D_PRINTING_TECHNOLOGY_IN_PHARMACEUTICAL_DEVELOPMENT_AND_APPLICATION_AN_UPDATED_REVIEW .
Abdella S, Youssef SH, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Fouladian P, Upton R, Garg S. "3D Printing of Thermo‐Sensitive Drugs" Pharmaceutics, 2021; 13(1):1524. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091524 PMid:34575600 PMCid:PMC8468559
More SM, Mahajan UN, Indurwade NH. "3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY: A NEW ERA IN MEDICINE" World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences (WJPLS), 2018; 4(4):76-83. ISSN 2454-2229. www.wjpls.org .
Boetker J, Water JJ, Aho J, Arnfast L, Bohr A, Rantanen J. "Modifying release Characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products" European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016; 90(1):47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.013 PMid:26987609
Brambilla CRM, Okafor-Muo OL, Hassanin H, ElShaer A. "3DP Printing of Oral Solid Formulations: A Systematic Review" Pharmaceutics, 2021; 13:358. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030358 PMid:33803163 PMCid:PMC8002067
Kaval B, Kapkın E, Kaynak MS. "Release kinetics of 3D printed oral solid dosage forms: An Overview" European Journal of Life Sciences, 2022; 1:70-88. https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1181158
Kushwaha S. "Application of Hot Melt Extrusion in Pharmaceutical 3D Printing" J Bioequiv Availab, 2018; 10:5457. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-0851.1000379
Teli A, Mondal S, Hoque N, Gautam MK. "Revolutionizing medical Manufacturing: Unveiling the diverse applications of 3D printing in pharmaceuticals" Intern. J. Zool. Invest., 2023; 9(2):830-840. https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2023.v09i02.093
Bhandari S, Hasan S. "3D Printing: A Revolution in Pharmaceutical Industry" International Journal Of Research Publication and Reviews, 2021; 2(9):105-111. ISSN 2582-7421.
Mohit, Sadique Hussain Md, Kaur G, Kataria T, Hussain A, Mohapatra C, Patra A. "OVERVIEW OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY IN PHARMA INDUSTRY" World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021; 10(9):236-245.
Ali A, Ahmad U, Akhtar J. "3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Sector: An Overview" IntechOpen, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90738
Ali S, Chaurasia DK, Shukla TP. "A Review: 3D Printing" International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022; 10(XII). https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48301
Ali S, Chaurasia DK, Shukla TP. "A Review: 3D Printing" International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022; 10(XII). https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48301
Khatami M, Doniavi A, Allahyari S, Feizollahi M, Abazari AM, Fotouhi M. "Application of 3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Evaluation of Administration Routes for Drug-Loaded Composites" Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023; 29(3):283-297. https://doi.org/10.34172/PS.2022.49
Dou C, Perez V, Qu J, Tsin A, Xu B, Li J. "A State-of-the-Art Review of Laser-Assisted Bioprinting and its Future Research Trends." CBEN, 2021; 8:517-534. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.202000037
Srujana S, Anjamma M, Alimuddin, Singh B, Dhakar RC, Natarajan S, Hechhu R. A Comprehensive Study on the Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Aloe vera Plant Extract and Their Photocatalytic Activity against MB Dye. Adsorption Science & Technology. 2022;2022 https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7244006
Mohapatra S, Kar RK, Biswal PK, Bindhani S. "Approaches of 3D printing in current drug delivery." Sensors International, 2022; 3:100146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100146
Okafor-Muo OL, Hassanin H, Kayyali R, ElShaer A. "3D printing of solid oral Dosage forms: numerous challenges with unique opportunities." Volume 109, Issue 12, Pages 3535-3550, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.029 PMid:32976900
Jose PA. "3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals - A Potential Technology In Developing Personalized Medicine." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical research and Development, 2018; 6(3):46-54. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i3.375
Chen X, Chen G, Wang G, Zhu P, Gao C. "Recent Progress on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid and Its Applications in Bone Repair." Advanced Engineering Materials, 2020; 22(4):1901065. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201901065
Thakur N, Murthy H. "An Overview on 3D Printed Medicine." Material Science Research India, 2021; 18(1):07-13. https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/180102
Hassanin H, Essa K, Qiu C, Abdelhafeez AM, Adkins NJE, Attallah MM. "Net-shape manufacturing Using hybrid Selective laser melting/hot isostatic pressing." Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2017; 23(4):720-726. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-02-2016-0019
Thakur N, Murthy H. "An Overview on 3D Printed Medicine." Material Science Research India, 2021; 18(1):07-13. https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/180102
Pitzanti G, Mathew E, Andrews GP, Jones DS, Lamprou DA. "3D Printing: an Appealing technology for the manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2022; 74(10):1427-1449. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgab136 PMid:34529072
Ameeduzzafar, Alruwaili NK, Rizwanullah M, Bukhari SNA, Amir M, Ahmed MM, Fazil M. "3D Printing Technology in Design of Pharmaceutical Products." Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2018; 24(47):5009-5018. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190116104620 PMid:30652636
Vanaei S, Parizi MS, Vanaei S, Salemizadehparizi F, Vanaei HR. "An Overview on Materials and Techniques in 3D Bioprinting Toward Biomedical Application." Engineered Regeneration, 2021; 2:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engreg.2020.12.001
Azad MA, Olawuni D, Kimbell G, Badruddoza AZM, Hossain MS, Sultana T. "Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials-Process Perspective." Pharmaceutics, 2020; 12(2):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020124 PMid:32028732 PMCid:PMC7076526
Wickramasinghe S, Do T, Tran P. "FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments." Polymers, 2020; 12(7):1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071529 PMid:32664374 PMCid:PMC7407763
Baran EH, Erbil HY. "Surface Modification of 3D Printed PLA Objects by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Review." Colloids and Interfaces, 2019; 3(2):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020043
Melocchi A, et al. "A Graphical Review on the Escalation of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printing in the Pharmaceutical Field." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020; 109(10):2943-2957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.011 PMid:32679215
Melocchi A, Parietti F, Maroni A, Foppoli A, Gazzaniga A, Zema L. "Hot-melt extruded filaments Based on pharmaceutical grade polymers for 3D printing by fused deposition modeling." International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2016; 509:255-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.036 PMid:27215535
Khalid GM, Billa N. "Solid Dispersion Formulations by FDM 3D Printing-A Review." Pharmaceutics, 2022; 14:690. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040690 PMid:35456524 PMCid:PMC9032529
Samiei N. "Recent trends on applications of 3D printing technology on the design and manufacture of Pharmaceutical oral formulation: a mini review." Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci, 2020; 9(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-020-00040-4
Seoane-Viaño I, Januskaite C, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, et al. "Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing in drug delivery and Biomedicine: Personalised solutions For healthcare challenges." Journal of Controlled Release, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.027 PMid:33652114
Elkasabgy NA, Mahmoud AA, Maged A. "3D printing: An appealing route for customized drug Delivery systems." International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2020; 588:119732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119732 PMid:32768528
Bailwl P, Kaushik H, Uma K, Singhal K, Vashist S. "Review on 3D printing for pharmaceutical Dosage forms." Eur. Chem. Bull., 2023; 12(12):3112-3127.
Palo M, Holländer J, Suominen J, Yliruusi J, Sandler N. "3D printed drug delivery Devices: perspectives and technical challenges." Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2017; 14(9):685-696. https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2017.1363647 PMid:28774216
Li J, Chen M, Fan X, et al. "Recent advances in bioprinting techniques: approaches, applications and future Prospects." J Transl Med, 2016; 14:271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-1028-0 PMid:27645770 PMCid:PMC5028995
Lepowsky E, Tasoglu S. "3D printing for drug manufacturing: A perspective on the future of Pharmaceuticals." Int J Bioprint, 2018; 4(1):119. https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v1i1.119
Shaikh SN, Jain VG, Khan GJ, Makrani SI. "A review on 3D printing in pharmaceutical." The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2019; 8(2):169-173.
Kačarević ŽP, Rider PM, Alkildani S, Retnasingh S, Smeets R, Jung O, Ivanišević Z, Barbeck M. "An Introduction To 3D Bioprinting: Possibilities, Challenges and Future Aspects." Materials (Basel), 2018; 11(11):2199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112199 PMid:30404222 PMCid:PMC6266989
Gujrati A, Sharma A, Mahajan SC. "Review on Applications of 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals." Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2019; 59(1):148-154.
Tamil Ponni R, Swamivelmanickam M, Sivakrishnan S. "3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Technology- A Review." Int. J. Pharm. Investigation, 2020; 10(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijpi.2020.1.2
Kushwaha N, Jain A, Jain PK, Khare B, Jat YS, An Overview on Formulation and Evaluation Aspects of Tablets, Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences, 2022; 2(4):35-39. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i4.23
Ratnamala KV, Swetha Reddy T. "A Review Article on 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceuticals." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 2020; 5(3):105.
Vanaei S, Parizi MS, Vanaei S, Salemizadehparizi F, Vanaei HR. "An Overview on Materials and Techniques in 3D Bioprinting Toward Biomedical Application." Engineered Regeneration, 2021; 2:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engreg.2020.12.001
Sen K, Mehta T, Sansare S, et al. "Pharmaceutical Applications of powder-based binder jet 3D printing process - A review." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2021; 177:113943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113943 PMid:34450238
Wang S, Chen X, Han X, et al. "A Review of 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutics: Technology and Applications, Now and Future." Pharmaceutics, 2023; 15:416. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020416 PMid:36839738 PMCid:PMC9962448
Kreft K, Lavriˇc Z, Stani'c T, et al. "Influence of The Binder Jetting Process Parameters And Binder Liquid Composition on The Relevant Attributes of 3D-Printed Tablets." Pharmaceutics, 2022; 14:1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081568 PMid:36015194 PMCid:PMC9413128
Kozakiewicz-LataÅ,a M, Nartowski KP, Dominik A, et al. "Binder jetting 3D printing of challenging medicines: From low dose tablets To hydrophobic molecules." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2022; 170:144-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.11.001 PMid:34785345
Vo AQ, Zhang J, Nyavanandi D, Bandari S, Repka MA. "Hot Melt extrusion paired fused deposition modeling 3D Printing to Develop hydroxypropyl cellulose based floating tablets of Cinnarizine." Carbohydr Polym, 2020; 246:116519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116519 PMid:32747229 PMCid:PMC7403534
Giri BR, Song ES, Kwon J, et al. "Fabrication of intragastric floating, controlled release 3D Printed theophylline tablets using hot-melt extrusion and fused Deposition modeling." Pharmaceutics, 2020; 12(1):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010077 PMid:31963484 PMCid:PMC7022551
Shin S, Kim TH, Jeong SW, et al. "Development of a gastroretentive delivery system For acyclovir By 3D printing technology and its in vivo pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Beagle dogs." PLoS One, 2019; 14(5):e0216246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216246 PMid:31048913 PMCid:PMC6497380
Dumpa NR, Bandari S, Repka MA. "Novel gastroretentive Floating pulsatile drug delivery system produced via Hot-melt Extrusion and fused deposition modeling 3D printing." Pharmaceutics, 2020; 12(1):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010052 PMid:31936212 PMCid:PMC7023033
Jeong HM, Weon KY, Shin BS, Shin S. "3D-printed Gastroretentive sustained release drug delivery system by Applying design of experiment approach." Molecules, 2020; 25(10):2330. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102330 PMid:32429452 PMCid:PMC7287939
Charoenying T, Patrojanasophon P, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T, Akkaramongkolporn P, Opanasopit P. "Fabrication of floating capsule-in-3D-printed devices as gastro-Retentive delivery systems of amoxicillin." J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2020; 55:101393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101393
Fu J, Yin H, Yu X, et al. "Combination of 3D printing technologies and compressed tablets For preparation of riboflavin floating tablet-in-device (TiD) systems." Int J Pharm, 2018; 549(1-2):370-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.011 PMid:30107218
Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Islam Y, Roberts M, Dempster NM, Sarker SD. "The application of 3D printing in the Formulation of multilayered fast dissolving oral films." J Pharm Sci, 2018; 107(4):1076-1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.019 PMid:29208374
Eleftheriadis GK, Ritzoulis C, Bouropoulos N, et al. "Unidirectional drug Release From 3D printed mucoadhesive buccal films using FDM technology: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation." Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2019; 144:180-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.018 PMid:31550525
Luzuriaga MA, Berry DR, Reagan JC, Smaldone RA, Gassensmith JJ. "Biodegradable 3D printed polymer Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery." Lab Chip, 2018; 18(8):1223-1230. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8LC00098K PMid:29536070
Tagami T, Hayashi N, Sakai N, Ozeki T. "3D printing of unique Water-soluble polymer-based suppository shell for Controlled Drug release." Int J Pharm, 2019; 568:118494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118494 PMid:31276763
Qamar N, Abbas N, Irfan M, Hussain A, Sohail M. "Personalized 3D printed ciprofloxacin impregnated meshes for The Management of hernia Abstract." J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2019; 53:101164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101164
Jiang H, Fu J, Li M, et al. "3D-Printed wearable personalized orthodontic retainers for Sustained release of clonidine hydrochloride." AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019; 20(7):110. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-019-1460-6 PMid:31332579
Goyanes A, Det-amornrat U, Wang J, Basit AW, Gaisford S. "3D scanning and 3D printing as innovative Technologies for Fabricating personalized topical drug delivery systems." J Control Release, 2016; 234:41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.034 PMid:27189134
Fu J, Yu X, Jin Y. "3D printing of vaginal rings with Personalized shapes for controlled release of progesterone." Int J Pharm, 2018; 539(1-2):75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.036 PMid:29366944
Lodhi VD, Jadon AS, Sen J, Jain PK, Thakur BS, Khare B, Jain A, Effervescent tablets: Everything you need to know, Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences, 2022;2(4):1-8 https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i4.18
Vora LK, Gholap AD, Jetha K, et al. "Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Technology and Drug Delivery Design." Pharmaceutics, 2023; 15:1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071916 PMid:37514102 PMCid:PMC10385763
Drăgănescu D, Lupuliasa D, Burcea Dragomiroiu GTA, et al. "3D Printing Pharmaceutical Formulation of Drugs in Personalized Therapy." FARMACIA, 2019; 67(1):1. https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2019.1.1
Lu M, Yin J, Zhu Q, et al. "Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Sciences." Engineering, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.014
Vaz VM, Kumar L. "3D Printing as a Promising Tool in Personalized Medicine." AAPS PharmSciTech, 2021; 22(1):49. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01905-8 PMid:33458797 PMCid:PMC7811988
Chen G, Xu Y, Kwok PCL, Kang L. "Pharmaceutical Applications of 3D Printing." Additive Manufacturing, 2020; 34:101209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101209
Itoo A, Raza SN, Tariq U, et al. "3D Drug Printing: A Swing from Laboratory Production To Computerized Production." J Drug Deliv Ther, 2019; 9(5-s):201-207. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5-s.3255
Outterson K. "Regulating compounding pharmacies after NECC." N Engl J Med, 2012; 367(21):1969-72. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1212667 PMid:23134357
Yamada H, et al. "Predicting Materials Properties with Little Data Using Shotgun Transfer Learning." ACS Cent Sci, 2019; 5(10):1717-1730. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00804 PMid:31660440 PMCid:PMC6813555
Copyright (c) 2024 Shruti I. Meshram, Pooja Ramdas Hatwar, Ravindra L. Bakal, Pooja V. Raut
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
. 