Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders and Reference Range of Thyroid Hormones among Pregnant Women in Bosaso City, Somalia
Cross-sectional Hospital Based Study University of Health Science Hospital (Prof Abdirisak Hospital)
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunctions are among the most prevalent of medical conditions, and considered the most prevalent disorders in women during pregnancy, and can adversely affect obstetric outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorders among pregnant women in Bosaso city, Somalia, and to initiate normal levels of thyroid related hormones
Materials and methods: This study was cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at University of Health Science Hospital (Prof Abdirisak Hospital), Bosaso city, Somalia during the period of August 2023 to December 2023. a total of 250 pregnant women were included in the study. A total of five ml of whole blood was collected from each participant into sterile plain containers for thyroid hormones estimation. Estimation of thyroid hormones was done by using CLIA technique (Maglumi 800). The data was gathered using per-designed structural questionnaire and the SPSS 26.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., USA) was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The overall prevalence of thyroid disorders were 33 (13.2%), 8% of them were hyperthyroidism and the rest 5.2% were hypothyroidism. The reference range for TSH, T3 and T4 were (0.07 mlU/L–4.14 mlU/L), (0.19 nmol/L–4.98 nmol/L), and (0.21 nmol/L–3.69 nmol/L) respectively.
Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a slightly higher frequency of thyroid dysfunction disorders among pregnant women.
Keywords: Thyroid function test, Thyroid dysfunction, T3, T4, TSH, Pregnant women
Keywords:
Thyroid function test, Thyroid dysfunction, T3, T4, TSH, Pregnant womenDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i2.6403References
-Ali NI, Alamoudi AO, Adam I, "Reference intervals of thyroid hormones in a previously iodine-deficient area in Darfur, Sudan", Therap Adv Endocrinol Metabolism 2018; 9:293-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018818781299 PMid:30181856 PMCid:PMC6116768
-Okosieme OE, Marx H, Lazarus JH, "Medical management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and the postpartum", Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008; 9(13):2281-93. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.9.13.2281 PMid:18710353
-World Health Organization. global database on iodine deficiency. Geneva; 2016. Available at: http://www.who.int/vmnis/database/iodine/iodine_data_status_summary/en/index.html .
-Vanderpump MPJ. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011; 99:39-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldr030 PMid:21893493
-Saeed AK, Yassin K, Elmahdi EMA, Maralyn D, Ali AA, "The Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction among Sudanese Page 2 of 5 Pregnant Women" SOJ Gynecol Obstet Womens Health, 2015; 1(1):5. https://doi.org/10.15226/2381-2915/1/1/00103
-Radi RA, "Assessment of Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women From Rimal Health Center", Gaza City. 2010.
-Feki M, Omar S, Menif O, Tanfous NB, Slimane H, Zouari F, "Thyroid disorders in pregnancy: Frequency and association with selected diseases and obstetrical complications in Tunisian women", Clin Biochem. 2008; 41(12):927-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.05.002 PMid:18538668
-Pasupathi P, Chandrasekar V, Kumar S "Thyroid Hormone Changes: Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study", Thyroid Science. 2009; 4(3):1-5.
-Kurioka H, Takahashi K, Miyazaki K, "Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and puerperal period" Endocr J. 2005; 52(5): 587-91. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.52.587 PMid:16284437
-Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, "Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum" Thyroid. 2011; 21(10):1081-1125. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2011.0087 PMid:21787128 PMCid:PMC3472679
-Soldin OP, Tractenberg RE, Hollowell JG, Jonklaas J, Janicic N, Soldin SJ, "Trimester-specific changes in maternal thyroid hormone, thyrotropin, and thyroglobulin concentrations during gestation: trends and associations across trimesters in iodine sufficiency", Thyroid 2004; 14(12):1084-1090. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2004.14.1084 PMid:15650363 PMCid:PMC3625635
-Benhadi N, Wiersinga WM, Reitsma JB, Vrijkotte TG, Bonsel GJ, "Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death"M Eur J Endocrinol. 2009; 160(6):985-991. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-08-0953 PMid:19273570
-Antolic B, Gersak K, Verdenik I, Novak-Antolic Z, "Adverse effects of thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: epidemiologic study in Slovenia", J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006; 19(10):651-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767050600850332 PMid:17118740
Published



How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).