Phytochemicals properties and antimicrobial activities of Carica papaya and Balanites aegyptiaca’ seeds aqueous infusion and decoction extracts
Abstract
Carica papaya and Balanites aegyptiaca seeds extract have several uses, from food to traditional medicine. This study aims to determine their phytochemicals compound and appreciate their antimicrobial properties against clinical strains. Polyphenolic content was determined with standard methods while DPPH radical scavenging activity is used to appreciate the antioxidant properties, using ascorbic acid as standard. Antimicrobial activities were performed according to the inhibition diameters, using agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and Minimum fungicidal concentrations were established based on broth dilution methods. The extraction yield is ranged between 6.3 and 20.3%. The results shown polyphenolic content varying from 1256.13±21.09 to 2315.81±53.52 µg GAE/100 mL for Carica papaya and from 303.98±0.93 to 948.06±3.23 µg GAE/100 mL for Balanites aegyptiaca while the antioxidant activity is ranged between 31.76±2.35 and 58.47±4.24 µg AEAC/100 mL for Carica papaya and from 29.80±0.32 to 78.44±2.81 µg AEAC/100 mL for Balanites aegyptiaca. Infusion’s extracts always have the highest values of polyphenols content and antioxidant activity than decoction extracts, be it papaya or balanites seeds. Neitheir flavonoids content nor antibacterial activity was found. The inhibition diameter varies from 14.5±0.5 to 40.5±0.5 mm for papaya seeds extracts and from 16.5±0.5 to 21.0±0.5 mm for balanites seeds extracts without a significative effect of mixture for both extracts. MICs vary from 11.71±0.1 to 75.0±0.0 mg. mL-1 for Carica papaya seeds extracts with 11.72±0.2 to 37.30±0.2 mg. mL-1 and 18.74±0.1 to 100±0.0 mg.mL-1 for Balanites aegyptiaca. Mixture extracts presented intermediaire values. Decoction extracts have lowest MICs values and infusion reveals itself to be the sweetable aqueous extraction techniques but the appropriate infusion time need to be highlight.
Keywords: Carica papaya, Balanites aegyptiaca, Seeds extracts, Phytochemical, antifungal
Keywords:
Carica papaya, Balanites aegyptiaca, Seeds extracts, Phytochemical, antifungalDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i2.6393References
Koubala BB, Ange-Patrice TM, Djilé B, Aristide GSK, and Germain K. "Evaluation of Insecticide Properties of Ethanolic Extract from" Balanites aegyptiaca"," Melia azedarach" and" Ocimum gratissimum" leaves on" Callosobruchus maculatus"(Coleptera: Bruchidae): Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013; 5: 93-101.
Ogbonna CU, Nnaemeka JO, Edith NN, Lilian CE, Chioma OA, Irikannuk C, and Egbuche CM. "Carica papaya seed oil extract in the management of insect pest of cabbage plant both in the laboratory and field: International Journal of Entomology Research, 2021; 6(2): 12-21.
Singh P, Ram LS, Neelam P, Pradeep KS, Manikant T, and Sukanta M. "Phytochemistry and nutraceutical properties of Carica papaya (Linn.): A review: Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals,2022; 1(9): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.31989/dsn.v1i9.991
Wiesman Z, and Bishnu PC. "Larvicidal activity of saponin containing extracts and fractions of fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca." Fitoterapia, 2006; 77(6): 420-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.05.012 PMid:16814957
Ouédraogo S, Oumarou O, Adjima T, and Joseph IB: The role of Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Delile in the livelihood and local economy in Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones of Burkina Faso: basis for its conservation." Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2023; 25(2): 1420-1440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-02100-w
Chothani DL, and Vaghasiya HU. "A review on Balanites aegyptiaca Del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity: Pharmacognosy reviews, 2011; 5(9): 55. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79100 PMid:22096319 PMCid:PMC3210005
Tesfaye A. "Balanites (Balanite aegyptiaca) Del., multipurpose tree: a prospective review: International Journal of Modern Chemistry and Applied Science, 2015; 2(3): 189-194.
Chávez-Pesqueira M, and Juan NF. Domestication and genetics of papaya: a review: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution , 2017; 5: 155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00155
Hillocks RJ, and Thresh JM, eds. Cassava: biology, production and utilization. CABI publishing, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995243.0000 PMid:12400448
Lim TK. "Medicinal and non medicinal plants. Fruits. Springer, 2012; 1: 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4053-2_1
Assétou O, Augustin PN, Bazoin SRB, Pane BS, Fulbert N, Assétou S, Marceline O, Aissama S, Nicolas B. Nutritional Values of Carica papaya L. and Balanites eagyptiaca Del. Seeds, Two Herbal Infusions in Traditional Medicine: American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 2023; 11(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfn-11-1-1
Chai YH, Suzana Y, and Muhammad SHR. Review of bioactive compounds extracted from Carica papaya linn: Current Nutrition & Food Science, 2020; 16(9): 1287-1298. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200727142506
Daagema AA, Orafa PN, and Igbua FZ. Nutritional potentials and uses of pawpaw (Carica papaya): A review: European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 2020; 12(3): 52-66. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i330209
Khamis G, Ahmed MS, Talaat HH, Wael NH, Mohammed AMW, Jutta P, and Hamada A. Provenance effect on bioactive phytochemicals and nutritional and health benefits of the desert date Balanites aegyptiaca: Journal of food biochemistry, 2020; 44(6): e13229. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13229 PMid:32250478
Ayoola AA, Deji AE, Sulaiman BM, Mutiu AO, and Yusuf AA. The effects of extraction methods of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica bark on in vitro antimicrobial efficacy and performance of broiler chickens: Journal of World's Poultry Research, 2020; 10(1): 28-35. https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2020.4
Bhebhe M, Fuller TN, Chipurura B, Muchuweti M. Effect of solvent type on total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of black tea and herbal infusions, 2016. 9: 1060-1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0270-z
Chávez-Pesqueira M, and Juan NF. Domestication and genetics of papaya: a review: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2017; 5: 155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00155
Konaré MA, Singou K, Marius KS, Issiaka T, Nouhoum D, and Rokia S. Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from four Wild Food Fruits: European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 2023; 15(1): 62-71. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i11289
Sawadogo M, Mindiédiba JB, Bernice D, Armandine L, Hyacinthe MT, Beboila O, Hermann YO, and Georges AO. "Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants (Carica papaya L. and Agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC.) Polhill & Wiens) used in the treatment of Hepatitis in Burkina Faso, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity: World J. Adv. Pharm. Life Sci, 2021; 1: 23-34. https://doi.org/10.53346/wjapls.2021.1.1.0019
Tapsoba H and Jean-Pierre D. Use of medicinal plants for the treatment of oral diseases in Burkina Faso: Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2006; 104(1-2): 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.047 PMid:16214302
Salla S, Rajitha S, Simon O, Lloyd TW, and Martha V. Antioxidant activity of papaya seed extracts against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells: LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2026; 66: 293-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.09.008
Ribarova F, Maria A, Marinova D, Ribarova F, and Atanassova M. Total phenolics and flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables: JU Chem. Metal, 2005; 40(3): 255-260.
Lamien-Meda A, Charles EL, Moussa MYC, Roland NTM, Martin K, Boukare Z, Jeanne FM and Odile GN. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fourteen wild edible fruits from Burkina Faso: Molecules, 2008; 13(3): 581-594. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13030581 PMid:18463567 PMCid:PMC6245336
Konaré MA, Nouhoum D, Cheickna C, Daouda AKT, Issiaka T, Aigna K, Rokia S, and ASO. Evaluation of the biological activities of leaf and bark extracts of Ficus platiphylla Delile, a medicinal plant used in Mali: Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2020; 14(3): 118-128. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2019.6874
Watts JL, Shryock TR, Apley M, Bade DJ, Brown SD, Gray JT, Heine H. Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals: approved standard. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2008).
Dhanani T, Sonal S, Gajbhiye NA, and Satyanshu K. Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera: Arabian journal of chemistry, 2017; 10: S1193-S1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.02.015
Acharya K, Sandipta G, and Rhituparna B. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant effects of infusion and decoction from Lepista sordida (Schumach.) Singer: Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018; 43(1) : 17-24.
Ghosh S, Tribeni C, Anirban S, Ishita C, Arup B, Angana D, Akash M, and Krishnendu A. Antioxidant properties and phytochemical screening of infusion and decoction obtained from three cultivated Pleurotus species: A comparative study: Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020; 13(2): 121-129.
Ennaifer M, Taroub B, Chokri M, and Moktar H. Phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-acetyl-cholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of decoction and infusion of Pelargonium graveolens: Natural product research, 202; 34(18): 2634-2638. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1547299 PMid:30584784
Messaoud C, Abdelmonoem L, and Mohamed B. Myrtus communis L. infusions: the effect of infusion time on phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities: Journal of food science, 2012; 77(9): C941-C947. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02849.x PMid:22888790
Eke ON, Augustine AU, and Ibrahim H F. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and antibacterial screening of extracts of Carica papaya fruits and seeds: International Journal of Modern Chemistry, 2014; 6(1): 48-56.
Ouédraogo A, Philippe AN, Gérard JY, Pane BS, Belinda RHB, Soumaïla K, Marguerite EN, Oueogo N, Wendinmi BFG, and Nicolas B. Phytochemicals properties of Carica papaya Linn seeds' essential oil and their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Journal of medicinal plants research; Vol.17(11): 331-337. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2023.7321
Masfufatun N, Yani PW, and Putri NPY K. Antimicrobial assay of papaya seed ethanol extract (Carica papaya Linn) and phytochemical analysis of its active compounds: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019; 1277(1), 012-018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1277/1/012018
Varadarajan S, Malathi N, Malaiyandi M, and Chamundeeswari D. Invitro anti-mycotic activity of hydro alcoholic extracts of some indian medicinal plants against fluconazole resistant Candida albicans: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2015; 9(8): ZC07-ZC10.
Emmanuel OBOH, Daniel A, Peace O, and Ojei O. Investigating the Astonishing Antimicrobial Potential of Papaya seeds against Salmonella spp and Candida albicans. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 2023; 4(1): 26-30. https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1249215
Peter JK, Yashab K, Priyanka P, and Harison M. Antibacterial activity of seed and leaf extract of Carica Papaya var. Pusa dwarf Linn: IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological sciences, 2017; 9(2): 29-37. https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-09272937
Sundar S, Padmalatha K, Apsana SK, Himaja P, Nandini V, and Sirisha D. Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of Carica papaya L seed extracts: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021; 14(2): 1085-1090. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00195.5
Abaka AK, Gali AI, Aishatu H, and Bello PA. Phytochemicals screening and antifungal activity of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed and Callus Extract against Candida albicans: Asian Plant Research Journal, 2020; 4(4): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2020/v4i430091
Published



How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).