Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of the leaf extract of Solanum pubescens willd. (Solanaceae) in Wistar albino Rats
Abstract
The present study showed that the methonolic extract of Solanum pubescens willd leaves possess Anti- ulcer in animal model. The anti-ulcer activity was evaluated against Pylorus ligated ulcers. Gastric ulcer disease is an imbalance between mucosal defense factors (bicarbonate, mucin, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and other peptides and growth factors) and injurious factors (acid and pepsin). Oral administration of methanol extract of solanum pubescens willd at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg exhibited dose dependent inhibition percentage of 36.28% and 52.3% (p<0.001) respectively compared to the ulcer control, proving the anti-ulcer activity. The standard drug omeprazole (20mg/kg) exhibited percentage inhibition of 70% when compared with ulcer control. Extract treated and ulcer control group was compared with normal control group. Result showed a significant decrease in the ulcer development in the animal models (pylorus ligated model) used in the study. In pylorusligation, both the doses showed significantant ulcer activity by reduction in ulcer index, gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity as compared to the control group. The intensity of heamorrhage and lesions was significantly reduced upon pretreatment with the extract, revealing the protective effect of MESP. Flavonoids and tannins are the major constituents that are present in the leaves of Solanum pubescens willd which may be responsible for its Ulcer- protective and Anti- ulcer activity.
Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Solanum pubescens, Wistar rats, Acute Oral toxicity, ANOVA
Keywords:
Peptic ulcer, Solanum pubescens, Wistar rats, Acute Oral toxicity, ANOVA
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References
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11. Rahman HU, Mahmood R, Haris M, Rahman N. Phytochemical profiling of successive extracts of fruit and stem bark of Solanum pubescens. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci., 2014; 6(9):147-153.
12. Nagaraju N, Rao KN. A survey of plant crude drugs of Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacol., 1990; 29(2):137-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90051-T PMid:2374428
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14. Wang Y, Qian J, Cao J, Wang D, Liu C, Yang R, Li X, Sun C. Antioxidant capacity, anticancer ability and flavonoids composition of 35 Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) varieties. Molecules. 2017; 22(7):1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22071114 PMid:28678176 PMCid:PMC6152254
15. Adhikari B, Dhungana SK, Ali MW, Adhikari A, Kim ID, Shin DH. Antioxidant activities, polyphenol, flavonoid, and amino acid contents in peanut shell. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2018, 1(1):20-26.
16. Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 2000; 52(4):673-751.
17. Shaikh RU, Pund MM, Gacche RN. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of selected medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medication system in vitro as well as in vivo. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016; 6(4):355-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.07.001 PMid:27774419 PMCid:PMC5067865
18. Rahman H, Mahmood R, Rahman N, Haris M. Antibacterial activity of Solanum pubescens-an ethnomedicinal plant from South Western region of Andhra Pradesh. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol. 2014; 2(4):501-509. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11280
19. Pal M, Shah SK, Patel N, Tyagi C.K, Evaluation of Anti-Arthritis Activity of Butea monosperma Bark Extract on Albino Wistar Rats, Ijppr. Human, 2018; 12 (4):416-428
20. Hossain MA, Rahman SM. Isolation and characterisation of flavonoids from the leaves of medicinal plant Orthosiphon stamineus. Arabian J Chem. 2015; 8(2):218-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.016
21. Dhawan D, Gupta J. Comparison of Different solvents for phytochemical extraction potential from Datura metel plant leaves. Int J Biol Chem. 2017; 11:17-22. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijbc.2017.17.22
22. Matani SK, Al-Wahaibi RN, Hossain MA. Total flavonoids content and antimicrobial activity of crude extract from leaves of Ficus sycomorus native to Sultanate of Oman. Karbala Int J Med Sci. 2015; 1(3):166-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.11.007
23. Rahman N, Rahman H, Haris M, Mahmood R. Wound healing potentials of Thevetia peruviana: Antioxidants and inflammatory markers criteria. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017; 7(4):519-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.005 PMid:29034202 PMCid:PMC5634754
24. Joseph JM, Sowndhararajan K, Manian S. Evaluation of analgesic and anti- inflammatory potential of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn. in experimental animal models. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(7):1876-1880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.027 PMid:20417244
25. Wang P, Xie K, Wang C, Bi J. Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation is related with inflammation of demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol. 2014; 72(3-4):249-254. https://doi.org/10.1159/000363515 PMid:25277682
26. Rahman et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of Solanum pubescens Willd Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 2019; 23(2):187-197. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.124
27. Jou JM, Lewis SM, Briggs C, LEE SH, De La Salle B, McFadden S. ICSH review of the measurement of the erythocyte sedimentation rate. Int J Lab Hematol. 2011; 33(2):125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2011.01302.x PMid:21352508
28. Anosike CA, Obidoa O, Ezeanyika LU. The anti-inflammatory activity of garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) on egg albumin-induced oedema and granuloma tissue formation in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5(1):62-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60247-2 PMid:22182646
29. More SK, Lande AA, Jagdale PG, Adkar PP, Ambavade SD. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl (Kaṇṭakāri) extract in laboratory animals. Anc Sci Life. 2013; 32(4): 222-226. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.131976 PMid:24991071 PMCid:PMC4078473
30. Ogunnaike BF, Okutachi IR, Anucha ES, Gbodi OO, Shokunbi OS, Onajobi FD. Comparative anti-inflammatory activities of Jatropha curcas, Ocimum gratissimum and Solanum scabrum leaves, J Nat Prod Plant Resour. 2013; 3(1):59- 66.
31. Deng Li H, Z, Liu R, Loewen S, Tsao R. Bioaccessibility, in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a purple tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Food Chem. 2014; 159:353-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.023 PMid:24767066
32. Sharma OP, Bhat TK. DPPH antioxidant assay revisited, Food Chem.,2009; 113(4):1202-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.008
33. Gouthamchandra K, Mahmood R, Manjunatha H. Free radical scavenging, antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum Infortunatum, L. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2010; 30(1):11- 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2010.03.005 PMid:21787623
34. Dasgupta N, De B. Antioxidant activity of Piper betle L. leaf extract in vitro, Food Chem, 2004; 88(2):219-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.036
35. Alam MN, Bristi NJ, Rafiquzzaman M. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity, Saudi Pharm J., 2013; 21(2):143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.002 PMid:24936134 PMCid:PMC4052538
36. Debjit B., Chiranjib C., Tripathi K.K., Pankaj, K. P. Recent trends of treatment and medication peptic ulcerative disorder, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010; 2(1):970-980.
37. Vyawahare N. S., Deshmukh V.V., Godkari M. R., Kagathara V.G.,Plants with anti-ulcer activity, Pharmacognosy Review, 2009; 3:108-115.
38. Hoogerwerf W.A. Pasricha P.J., Agents Used for Control of Gastric Acidity and Treatment of Peptic Ulcers and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Diseaseedition, pp. 1005-19, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 10th edition, 2001.
2. Jeong YH, Oh YC, Cho WK, Lee B, Ma JY, Anti-inflammatory effects of Melandrii herba ethanol extract via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and induction of HO-1 in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse primary macrophages, Molecules, 2016; 21(6):818. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060818 PMid:27338335 PMCid:PMC6272949
3. Rahman et al., Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of Solanum pubescens, Willd Journal of Research in Pharmacy Research, 2019; 23(2):187-197 196. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.124
4. Shu Z, Xing N, Wang Q, Li X, Xu B, Li Z, Kuang H, Antibacterial and anti- inflammatory activities of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and its main constituents. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2016; 2(1):12-26. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4359394 PMid:27057196 PMCid:PMC4748097
5. Souza EP, Faria RX, Rocha LM, Clinical trials studies of plant extracts with anti-inflammatory activity, J App Pharm Sci. 2016; 6(12):224-232. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2016.601233
6. Gonzalez R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martinez- Augustin O, Medina FS. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011; 51(4):331-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390903584094 PMid:21432698
7. Kaur A, Kumar S. Plants and plant products with potential antipsoriatic activity,A review Pharm Biol., 2012; 50(12):1573-1591. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2012.690430 PMid:22971237
8. Kushwaha S, Shah SK, Patel N, Tyagi CK, Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium sativum on STZ induce hyperglycemia, The Pharma Innovation Journal 2016; 5(8):106-110
9. Boakye YD, Agyare C, Abotsi WK, Ayande PG, Ossei PP, Anti- inflammatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. and its major constituent, geraniin, J Ethnopharmacol, 2016; 187:17-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.020 PMid:27103113
10. Bairagi SM, Pathan IB, Nitin NE., Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of crude leaf and bark extract of Lantana camara, Marmara Pharm J. 2017; 21(4): 810-817. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2017.7
11. Rahman HU, Mahmood R, Haris M, Rahman N. Phytochemical profiling of successive extracts of fruit and stem bark of Solanum pubescens. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci., 2014; 6(9):147-153.
12. Nagaraju N, Rao KN. A survey of plant crude drugs of Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacol., 1990; 29(2):137-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90051-T PMid:2374428
13. Kumari GK, Rao LJ, Rao NP., Myricetin methyl ethers from Solanum pubescens, Phytochemistry, 1984; 23(11):2701- 2702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84140-0
14. Wang Y, Qian J, Cao J, Wang D, Liu C, Yang R, Li X, Sun C. Antioxidant capacity, anticancer ability and flavonoids composition of 35 Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) varieties. Molecules. 2017; 22(7):1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22071114 PMid:28678176 PMCid:PMC6152254
15. Adhikari B, Dhungana SK, Ali MW, Adhikari A, Kim ID, Shin DH. Antioxidant activities, polyphenol, flavonoid, and amino acid contents in peanut shell. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2018, 1(1):20-26.
16. Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 2000; 52(4):673-751.
17. Shaikh RU, Pund MM, Gacche RN. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of selected medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medication system in vitro as well as in vivo. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016; 6(4):355-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.07.001 PMid:27774419 PMCid:PMC5067865
18. Rahman H, Mahmood R, Rahman N, Haris M. Antibacterial activity of Solanum pubescens-an ethnomedicinal plant from South Western region of Andhra Pradesh. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol. 2014; 2(4):501-509. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11280
19. Pal M, Shah SK, Patel N, Tyagi C.K, Evaluation of Anti-Arthritis Activity of Butea monosperma Bark Extract on Albino Wistar Rats, Ijppr. Human, 2018; 12 (4):416-428
20. Hossain MA, Rahman SM. Isolation and characterisation of flavonoids from the leaves of medicinal plant Orthosiphon stamineus. Arabian J Chem. 2015; 8(2):218-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.016
21. Dhawan D, Gupta J. Comparison of Different solvents for phytochemical extraction potential from Datura metel plant leaves. Int J Biol Chem. 2017; 11:17-22. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijbc.2017.17.22
22. Matani SK, Al-Wahaibi RN, Hossain MA. Total flavonoids content and antimicrobial activity of crude extract from leaves of Ficus sycomorus native to Sultanate of Oman. Karbala Int J Med Sci. 2015; 1(3):166-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.11.007
23. Rahman N, Rahman H, Haris M, Mahmood R. Wound healing potentials of Thevetia peruviana: Antioxidants and inflammatory markers criteria. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017; 7(4):519-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.005 PMid:29034202 PMCid:PMC5634754
24. Joseph JM, Sowndhararajan K, Manian S. Evaluation of analgesic and anti- inflammatory potential of Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) R. Br. ex Arn. in experimental animal models. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(7):1876-1880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.027 PMid:20417244
25. Wang P, Xie K, Wang C, Bi J. Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation is related with inflammation of demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol. 2014; 72(3-4):249-254. https://doi.org/10.1159/000363515 PMid:25277682
26. Rahman et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of Solanum pubescens Willd Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 2019; 23(2):187-197. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.124
27. Jou JM, Lewis SM, Briggs C, LEE SH, De La Salle B, McFadden S. ICSH review of the measurement of the erythocyte sedimentation rate. Int J Lab Hematol. 2011; 33(2):125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2011.01302.x PMid:21352508
28. Anosike CA, Obidoa O, Ezeanyika LU. The anti-inflammatory activity of garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) on egg albumin-induced oedema and granuloma tissue formation in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5(1):62-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60247-2 PMid:22182646
29. More SK, Lande AA, Jagdale PG, Adkar PP, Ambavade SD. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl (Kaṇṭakāri) extract in laboratory animals. Anc Sci Life. 2013; 32(4): 222-226. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.131976 PMid:24991071 PMCid:PMC4078473
30. Ogunnaike BF, Okutachi IR, Anucha ES, Gbodi OO, Shokunbi OS, Onajobi FD. Comparative anti-inflammatory activities of Jatropha curcas, Ocimum gratissimum and Solanum scabrum leaves, J Nat Prod Plant Resour. 2013; 3(1):59- 66.
31. Deng Li H, Z, Liu R, Loewen S, Tsao R. Bioaccessibility, in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a purple tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Food Chem. 2014; 159:353-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.023 PMid:24767066
32. Sharma OP, Bhat TK. DPPH antioxidant assay revisited, Food Chem.,2009; 113(4):1202-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.008
33. Gouthamchandra K, Mahmood R, Manjunatha H. Free radical scavenging, antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum Infortunatum, L. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2010; 30(1):11- 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2010.03.005 PMid:21787623
34. Dasgupta N, De B. Antioxidant activity of Piper betle L. leaf extract in vitro, Food Chem, 2004; 88(2):219-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.036
35. Alam MN, Bristi NJ, Rafiquzzaman M. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity, Saudi Pharm J., 2013; 21(2):143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.002 PMid:24936134 PMCid:PMC4052538
36. Debjit B., Chiranjib C., Tripathi K.K., Pankaj, K. P. Recent trends of treatment and medication peptic ulcerative disorder, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010; 2(1):970-980.
37. Vyawahare N. S., Deshmukh V.V., Godkari M. R., Kagathara V.G.,Plants with anti-ulcer activity, Pharmacognosy Review, 2009; 3:108-115.
38. Hoogerwerf W.A. Pasricha P.J., Agents Used for Control of Gastric Acidity and Treatment of Peptic Ulcers and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Diseaseedition, pp. 1005-19, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 10th edition, 2001.
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Tyagi CK, Saha S, Shah S. Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of the leaf extract of Solanum pubescens willd. (Solanaceae) in Wistar albino Rats. JDDT [Internet]. 15Sep.2023 [cited 2Oct.2023];13(9):98-06. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/6203
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