Genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium leprae strains resistant to rifampicin and ofloxacin in three health districts in Chad

Authors

  • Kabo Abakar Kirga School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
  • Bessimbaye Nadlaou Medical Biology Laboratories of the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU-RN), BP 130 N’Djamena (Chad).
  • Abakar Mahamat National Leprosy Control Program (PNL), Chad
  • Emmanuelle Cambau National Research Center for Mycobacteria and Resistance of Mycobacteria to Antituberculosis Drugs, Bacteriology-Hygiene, 75013 Paris, France
  • Véronique Penlap School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
  • Sylvain Godreuil Mycobacteria Laboratory, Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital Center in Montpellier, France

Abstract

Antimicrobial surveillance and identification of the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance provides important information to optimize patient care. The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence of rifampicin and ofloxacin resistance genes among Mycobacterium leprae strains in three health districts in Chad.

The determination of the folP1, rpoB and gyrA resistance genes was carried out by PCR-RLEP and confirmed by sequencing from 80 biopsy samples taken from patients with multibacillary leprosy, including 12 relapsed patients and 68 new cases. In the whole cohort, 1/80 (1.2%) showed resistance to rifampicin and 1/80 (1.2%) to ofloxacin. No mutations were detected for dapsone. The presence of M. leprae mutation associated with rifampicin resistance was observed in a relapsed patient and the mutation associated with ofloxacin resistance was observed in a patient with multibacillary leprosy who had not been sensitized by ofloxacin but should have used other quinolones. Both mutant strains revealed the emergence of secondary resistance.

This study, the first to highlight the emergence of resistance to rifampicin and ofloxacin in Chad. It raises the need to implement a robust surveillance system to detect resistance of Mycobacterium leprae in Chad and even in Central Africa.

Keywords: Mycobacterium leprae, resistance, Chad

Keywords:

Mycobacterium leprae, resistance, Chad

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i3.5748

Author Biographies

Kabo Abakar Kirga, School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

  1. National Leprosy Control Program (PNL), Chad
  2. Medical Biology Laboratories of the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU-RN), BP 130 N’Djamena (Chad).

Bessimbaye Nadlaou, Medical Biology Laboratories of the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU-RN), BP 130 N’Djamena (Chad).

Faculty of Human Health Sciences (FSSH), University of N’Djamena, BP 1117 N’Djamena, Chad

Abakar Mahamat, National Leprosy Control Program (PNL), Chad

National Leprosy Control Program (PNL), Chad

Emmanuelle Cambau, National Research Center for Mycobacteria and Resistance of Mycobacteria to Antituberculosis Drugs, Bacteriology-Hygiene, 75013 Paris, France

Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, UMPR 1137 IAME, 75018 Paris, France

Véronique Penlap, School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center (Mycobacteria team leader), University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon.

Sylvain Godreuil, Mycobacteria Laboratory, Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital Center in Montpellier, France

Faculty of Health Biology, University of Montpellier, France

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Published

15-03-2023
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How to Cite

1.
Kirga KA, Nadlaou B, Mahamat A, Cambau E, Penlap V, Godreuil S. Genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium leprae strains resistant to rifampicin and ofloxacin in three health districts in Chad. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 15 [cited 2025 Feb. 18];13(3):7-11. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5748

How to Cite

1.
Kirga KA, Nadlaou B, Mahamat A, Cambau E, Penlap V, Godreuil S. Genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium leprae strains resistant to rifampicin and ofloxacin in three health districts in Chad. J. Drug Delivery Ther. [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 15 [cited 2025 Feb. 18];13(3):7-11. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5748