Menopause Induced Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, Lack of Sleep in Women: An Overview
Abstract
Background: Menopause occurs between the ages of 40 and 50, and marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycle. A period of time during which a woman does not have a monthly cycle for more than 12 months is known as post-menopause. Women may suffer challenges in their daily lives during this period, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep loss, all of which can have a negative impact on their quality of life. A decrease in hormone production, such as estrogen and progesterone, can cause menopause. To treat psychological difficulties in menopausal women, drugs such as vortioxetine and paroxetine, as well as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and anti-depressants, were advised.
Objective: To evaluate the effects in women how menopause inducing depression, anxiety, quality of life and lack of sleep.
Methodology: The recent studies related to the aim of the review were undertaken through a literature search to evaluate the effects in women how menopause inducing depression, anxiety, quality of life and lack of sleep.
Conclusion: Menopause, post-menopause, and peri-menopause are age-related causes in women who are going through the menstrual cycle. There is no need for medication during this time, but in severe cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and antidepressants should be administered and also for vaginal dryness and irritation Ospemifene is suggested. Many more clinical researches on the benefits of menopausal compilations will be needed in the future.
Keywords: Menopause, post- menopause, depression, estrogen, progesterone
Keywords:
Menopause, post- menopause, depression, estrogen, progesteroneDOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6.5169References
World Health Organization: Research on Menopause. Report on World Health Organization Scientific Group. Technical Report Series 670. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1981. Available from: http://www.apps.who.int/iris/handle/1065/41526. [Last accessed on 2018 May 20].
Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE, Lobo R, Maki P, Rebar RW, Sherman S, Sluss PM, de Villiers TJ, STRAW + 10 Collaborative Group. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: Addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging: Fertil Steril, 2012; 19(4):387-95. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31824d8f40
Schneider HPG, Birkhäuser M, Quality of life in climacteric women: Climacteric, 2017; 20(3):187-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1279599
Tang R, Luo M, Li J, Peng Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Liu G, Wang Y, Lin S, Chen R, Symptoms of anxiety and depression among Chinese women transitioning through menopause: Findings from a prospective community-based cohort study: Fertil Steril, 2019; 112(6):1160-1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.005
Mulhall S, Andel R, Anstey K.J, Variation in symptoms of depression and anxiety in midlife women by menopausal status: Maturitas, 2018; 108(3):7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.11.005
Ader R, Cohen N, Felten D. Psychoneuroimmunology: interactions between the nervous system and the immune system: Lancet, 1995; 345(8942):99-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90066-7
Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK, et al., A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression: Biol Psychiatry, 2010; 67(5):446-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033
Liu Y, Ho RC, Mak A. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are elevated in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis and meta-regression: J Affect Disord. 2012; 139(3):230-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.003
Ma Y, Balasubramanian R, Pagoto SL, Schneider KL, Hebert JR, Phillips LS, et al., Relations of Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Use to Body Mass Index and Selected Biomarkers for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Am J Public Health. 2013; 108(3): e34-e43. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301394
Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips M.R, Rahman A, No health without mental health: Lancet, 2007, 370(9590):859-877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61238-0
Luppa M, Sikorski C, Luck T, Ehreke L, Konnopka A, Wiese B, Weyerer S, König H.H, Riedel-Heller S.G, Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life-systematic review and meta-analysis: J. Affect. Disord, 2012, 136:212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.033
Kessler RC, Bromet EJ, The epidemiology of depression across cultures: Annu. Rev. Public Health, 2013; 34: 119-138. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409
Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Patten SB, Freedman G, Murray CJ, Vos T, Whiteford H.A, Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010: PLoS Med, 2013; 10(11): e1001547. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547
Ravindran AV, Matheson K, Griffiths J, Merali Z, Anisman H, Stress, coping, uplifts, and quality of life in subtypes of depression: A conceptual frame and emerging data: J. Affect. Disord. 2002; 71(1-3):121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00389-5
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, & Murray C.J, Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data: Lancet, 2006; 367(9524):1747-1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9
Kozela, M. et al. The association of depressive symptoms with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Central and Eastern Europe: prospective results of the HAPIEE study: Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol, 2016; 23(17):1839-1847. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487316649493
Christensen GT, Maartensson S & Osler M, The association between depression and mortality-a comparison of survey-and register-based measures of depression: J. Affect. Disord, 2017; 210:111-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.024
Tangen T, Mykletun A. Depression and anxiety through the climacteric period: an epidemiological study (HUNT-II): J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820701733945
(2):125-31. Epub 2008/05/20. https://doi.org/10. 1080/01674820701733945 PMID: 18484441.
Tang R, Luo M, Li J, Peng Y, Wang Y, Liu B, et al. Symptoms of anxiety and depression among Chinese women transitioning through menopause: findings from a prospective community-based cohort study: Fertil Steril. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.005
(6):1160-71. Epub 2019/12/18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.005 PMID: 31843093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.005
Timur S, Sahin NH. The prevalence of depression symptoms and influencing factors among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: Menopause, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cf8997
(3):545-51. Epub 2010/04/20. https://doi. org/10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cf8997 PMID: 20400922.
Unsal A, Tozun M, Ayranci U. Prevalence of depression among postmenopausal women and related characteristics: Climacteric, 2011 https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2010.510912
(2):244-51. Epub 2010/10/23. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137. 2010.510912 PMID: 20964551.
Bromberger JT, Assmann SF, Avis NE, Schocken M, Kravitz HM, Cordal A. Persistent mood symptoms in a multiethnic community cohort of pre- and perimenopausal women: Am J Epidemiol, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg155
(4):347-56. Epub 2003/08/14. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg155 PMID: 12915500. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg155
Zeng LN, Yang Y, Feng Y, Cui X, Wang R, Hall BJ, et al. The prevalence of depression in menopausal women in China: A meta-analysis of observational studies: J Affect Disord, 2019; 256:337-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.017
Epub 2019/06/17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.017 PMID: 31202988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.017
Shively CA, Laber-Laird K, Anton RF. Behavior and physiology of social stress and depression in female cynomolgus monkeys: Biol Psychiatry. 1997; 41(8):871-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00185-0
Shively CA, Williams JK, Laber-Laird K, Anton RF. Depression and coronary artery atherosclerosis and reactivity in female cynomolgus monkeys: Psychosom Med, 2002; 64(5):699-706. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200209000-00001
Shively CA, Register TC, Friedman DP, Morgan TM, Thompson J, Lanier T. Social stress associated depression in adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): Biol Psychol. 2005; 69(1):67-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.006
Berek JS. Berek & Novak's gynecology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 16th ed; 2019.
Gumuşay M, Erbil N. Alternative methods in the management of menopausal symptoms. Middle Black Sea J Health Sci, 2016; 2(2):20-5. https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.20236
Pratt, LA., Brody, DJ. Depression in the U S household population, 2009-2012. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2014. NCHS Data Brief, no 172
Kenis G, Maes M. Effects of antidepressants on the production of cytokines: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2002; 5(4):401-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145702003164
Pizzi C, Mancini S, Angeloni L, Fontana F, Manzoli L, Costa GM. Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy on endothelial function and inflammatory markers in patients with coronary heart disease: Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2009; 86(5):527-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2009.121
Olfson M, Marcus SC. National patterns in antidepressant medication treatment: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009; 66(8):848-56. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.81
Balsa JA, Sanchez-Franco F, Pazos F, Lara JI, Lorenzo MJ, Maldonado G, et al., Direct action of serotonin on prolactin, growth hormone, corticotropin and luteinizing hormone release in co-cultures of anterior and posterior pituitary lobes: autocrine and/or paracrine action of vasoactive intestinal peptide: Neuroendocrinology, 1998; 68(5):326-33. https://doi.org/10.1159/000054381
Emiliano AB, Fudge JL. From galactorrhea to osteopenia: rethinking serotonin-prolactin interactions: Neuropsychopharmacology, 2004; 29(5):833-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300412
Madhusoodanan S, Parida S, Jimenez C. Hyperprolactinemia associated with psychotropics-a review: Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010; 25(4):281-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1116
Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Rosner B, Sluss P, Hankinson SE, Plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: Cancer Res, 2004; 64(18):6814-9. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1870
Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Sluss P, Hankinson SE. A prospective study of plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer: J Clin Oncol, 2007; 25(12):1482-8. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.07.6356
Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Zhang X, Qian J, Sluss PM, Rosner BA, et al., A 20-year prospective study of plasma prolactin as a risk marker of breast cancer development: Cancer Res, 2013; 73(15):4810-9. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0665
Haukka J, Sankila R, Klaukka T, Lonnqvist J, Niskanen L, Tanskanen A, et al., Incidence of cancer and antidepressant medication: record linkage study: International Journal of Cancer, 2010; 126(1):285-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24537
Kato I, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Toniolo PG, Akhmedkhanov A, Koenig K, Shore RE. Psychotropic medication use and risk of hormone-related cancers: the New York University Women's Health Study: Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2000; 22(2):155-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/22.2.155
Brown SB, Hankinson SE, Arcaro KF, Qian J, Reeves KW. Depression, Antidepressant Use, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: Cancer Epidemiological Biomarkers Prev, 2016; 25(1):158-64. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-1063
Ashbury JE, Levesque LE, Beck PA, Aronson KJ. A population-based case-control study of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and breast cancer: the impact of duration of use, cumulative dose and latency: BioMed Central Medicine, 2010; 8:90, 1741-7015. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-90
Ashbury JE, Levesque LE, Beck PA, Aronson KJ. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants, Prolactin and Breast Cancer: Front Oncol, 2012; 2:177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2012.00177
Zimny M, Starczewska M, Szkup M, Karakiewicz-Krawczyk K, Grochans E, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Analysis of the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Psychosocial Functioning and Quality of Life of Perimenopausal Women: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020; 17(12):4349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124349
Azizi M, Fooladi E, Masoumi M, Orimi TG, Elyasi F, Davis SR, Depressive symptoms and their risk factors in midlife women in the Middle East: A systematic review: Climacteric, 2018; 21(1):13-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1406908
Sassarini, D.J. Depression in midlife women: Maturitas, 2016; 94:149-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.09.004
Mauas V, Kopala-Sibley DC, Zuroff DC, Depressive symptoms in the transition to menopause: The roles of irritability, personality vulnerability, and self-regulation: Archives of Womens Mental Health, 2014; 17(4):279-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-014-0434-7
Colvin A, Richardson GA, Cyranowski JM, Youk A, Bromberger JT, The role of family history of depression and menopausal transition in the development of major depression in midlife women: Study of women's health across the nation Mental Health study (SWAN MHS): Depress Anxiety, 2017; 34(9):826-835. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22651
Schneider H, Birkhäuser M. Quality of life in climacteric women: Climacteric, 2017; 20(3):187-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1279599
Gobbens RJ, Remmen R. The effects of socio demographic factors on quality of life among people aged 50 years or older are not unequivocal: Comparing SF-12, WHOQOL-BREF, and WHOQOL-OLD: Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2019; 14:231-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S189560
Berek JS. Berek & Novak's Gynecology. 16th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW); 2019.
Monteleone P, Mascagni G, Giannini A, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. Symptoms of menopause-global prevalence, physiology and implications: Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2018; 14(4):199-215. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.180
Ozcan H. Healthy life style behaviors and quality of life at menopause: International Journal of Caring Sciences, 2019; 12(1):492-500.
Landis CA and Moe KE, Sleep and menopause: Nursing Clinics of North America, 2004; 39(1):97-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2003.11.006
Luoto R, Hot flushes and quality of life during menopause: BioMed Central Women's Health, 2009; 9:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-9-13
Kalleinen N, Polo O, Himanen SL, Joutsen A, Urrila AS, Polo-Kantola P, Sleep deprivation and hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: Sleep Medicine, 2006; 7(5):436-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2006.02.004
Freedman R, Hot flashes: behavioral treatments, mechanisms, and relation to sleep: The American Journal of Medicine, 2005; 118(12):124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.046
Published
Abstract Display: 1465 
PDF Downloads: 1047 PDF Downloads: 82 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
.