Article Info:

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Article History:

Received 21 Jan 2021;     

Review Completed 25 Feb 2021

Accepted 06 March 2021;  

Available online 15 March 2021 

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Cite this article as:

Lagariya VJ, Kaneria MJ, Ethnobotanical Profiling and Floristic Diversity of the Miyawaki Plantation in Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2021; 11(2):87-99                                                                   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2.4606

Abstract

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The investigation was carried out in order to explore the existing floristic composition of the Miyawaki plantation, recently developed in the Saurashtra University campus, Rajkot. The main aspect of the study is to prepare an ethnobotanical and pharmacological inventory of the recorded plant species from the study area. The fieldwork was conducted for a period of four months regularly in the study area. This study revealed that most of the species as documented are total 71 plant species belonging to 62 genera and 32 families, could be used for the various medicinal purposes from Miyawaki plantation. Present investigation provides a huge lump of ethnobotanical significance and it is an urgent need to document uses of plants for future domestication.

Keywords: Miyawaki, Ethnobotany, Plantation, Floristic diversity, Medicinal plants  

*Address for Correspondence: 

Mital J. Kaneria, Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-6003

No.

Botanical name

Family

Common name

Vernacular  name

Life form

Significance (Ethnobotanical & Pharmacological)^9,10

1

Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth.

Mimosaceae

Ear leaf acacia

Australian baval

Tree

Extracts of heartwood inhibit fungi that attack on wood. Used to make an analgesic by indigenous Australians.

2

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

Rutaceae

Wood apple

Bili

Tree

Root; fever, abdominal pain, heart palpitations, urinary troubles, hypochondriasis, melancholia. Decoction of Root bark; intermittent fever and as a constituent in dasamul (ten roots). Leaves; ophthalmia, deafness, inflammations. Fresh juice of leaves; catarrhs and feverishness, eye affections. Flowers; allaying thirst and vomiting, dysentery. Unripe fruit, pain, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Ripe fruit; causes biliousness, cough, heart troubles, nervous troubles, dypepsia.

3

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Simaroubaceae

Indian tree of heaven

Arduso

Tree

Dyspepsia, bronchitis, dysentery, diarrhoea, earache, skin diseases, rectum troubles, allays thirst, removing bad taste of mouth as tonic.

4

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.

Mimosaceae

Frywood

Shirish

Tree

Bark: blood diseases, bronchitis, leprosy, paralysis, leucoderma, itching, skin diseases, weakness piles, excessive perspiration, inflammation, syphilis, erysipelas, rat-bite, tooth-ache, boils, scabies. Leaves: asthma, snake-bite, smell of flower, hemic rania. Seeds: gonorrhoea, bubesculous glands, piles, diarrhoea. Seed oil: leucoderma, leprosy. Gum: inflammation.

5

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Apocynaceae

Devil's tree

Saptaparni

Tree

Bark: heart diseases, asthma, leucoderma, chronic blood diseases, pains, diarrhoea, advanced stage of dysentery, leprosy, chronic paludism with enlargement of spleen, liver complaints. Milky juice: ulcers, earache. Tender leaves: in beri-beri, dropsy, conjested liver, roasted, pulverised and made into poultices, acts as local stimulant to unhealthy ulcers, latex applied to ulcers, tumors and rheumatic swelling. Flowers yielding essential oil and alkaloid picrinine, acts as depressent on central nervous system. Ash of the plant is caustic, and is used to open abscesses.

6

Alternanthera dentata (Moench) Stuchlík ex R. E. Fr.

Amaranthaceae

Little ruby

Lalmendi

Herb

Used as an antiviral and anti-diarrhoea agent.

7

Annona squamosa L.

Annonaceae

Custard apple

Sitafal

Tree

Fruit: enriching blood, increasing muscular strength, burning sensation, lessening tendency to biliousness, retrieving vomitting. Seeds: difficult to digest, causes fever and furunculosis, produces ulcers in eyes, destroys lice. Root: dysentery, depression of spirits and spinal diseases. Crushed leaf: tympany, bloat, foot and mouth diseases, dewormer, dressing on wound with maggots. Leaf juice: in broken horn.

8

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Meliaceae

Neem

Limbdo

Tree

Bark, vomiting, burning sensation near the heart, fatigue, fever, thirst, bad taste in the mouth, cough, cures ulcers, inflammations, leprosy, blood complaints, urinary discharges, also causes loss of appetite. Leaf; Ophthalmia, biliousness, skin diseases, lessening inflammation, earache, rheumatism, symphilitic sores, boils, blood impurities. Decoction of leaf, Used as a gargle in stomatitis and for bad gums. Tender young leaves; eye and skin diseases, leprosy. Old leaves; in curing ulcers quickly. Young branches; cough, asthma, piles, tumours, urinary discharges. Ripe and unripe fruits; urinary discharges, skin diseases, tumours, piles, toothache. Oil of the seed is used to cure skin diseases.

9

Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss

Poaceae

Bamboo

Vansh

Grass

Leaves against menstrual pain and worms, and to strengthen stomach function. Root is used for general debility and joint pain and the plant juice for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.

10

Bauhinia variegata (L.) Benth.

Caesalpiniaceae

Orchid tree

Kanchnar

Tree

Bark: Astringent in diarrhoea, root is carminative and flowers are laxative and anthelmintic. Decoction of bark is recommended as useful in ulcers. Bark, root and flowers mixed with-rice water are used for boils and abscesses. Paste made of the bark together with dried ginger is also applied to scrofulous tumours. Flowers with sugar are gentle laxative. The plant is used in malaria and is also used as an antidote in snake-bite.

11

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Papilionaceae

Flame of the forest

Khakhro

Tree

Leaves and flowers: tonic, astringent, aphrodisiac, depurgative, diuretic. Leaf used in eye diseases, in lessening inflammation and lumbago, curing boils and piles. Bark: fractures of bones, anus diseases, piles, dysentery, ulcers and tumours, lessenin inflammation biliousness and dysmenorrhoea, liver disorders, gonorrhoea, purifying blood, acrid, bitter, oily, appetiser, aphrodisiac, laxative, anthelmintic. Flowers: cough, leprosy, strangury, skin diseases, thirst, burning sensation, biliousness, inflammation, burning arine, gonorrhoea. Juice of Flower: eye diseases, sweet, bitter, acrid, hot expectorant, emmengogue. Fruit and seed: urinary discharges, piles, skin diseases, tumours, abdominal troubles, scorpion-sting, eye diseases hot, dry, digestible, anthelmintic, aperient, bitter oily leaf: carminative, anthelmintic. Gum: dysentery, stomatitis, cough, pterygium, corneal opacities, curing excessive perspiration, liver tonic, chest and lung diseases, astringent, aphrodisiac. Root, curing night blindness and other defects of sight, elephantiasis.

12

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.

Caesalpiniaceae

Peacock flower

Galtoro

Shrub

Flowers: bronchitis, asthma, malarial fevers. Plant: ulcers, tumours, root and bulbs: cholera.

13

Carissa carandas (L.) Auct.

Apocynaceae

Christ’s thorn

Karamda

Shrub

Fruit: sour, thirst, blood impurities, brain diseases, diminishes sexual power. Causes biliousness.

14

Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold

Apocynaceae

Yellow oleander

Pili Karen

Tree

Plant is bitter, pungent, acrid, hot, andastringent. The bark is bitter and cathartic, febrifuge. The milkyjuice of the tree is poisonous. The leaves are purgative andemetic. The seeds are abortifacient, alexiteric and purgative. The plant is useful in bowels, urethral discharges, worms, skin diseases, Leucoderma, wounds, piles, eye troubles, itching, fevers, bronchitis and cures "vata". The bark is useful in various kindsof intermittent fevers. The roots are made into a plaster and applied to tumors.

15

Cassia fistula L.

Caesalpiniaceae

Golden shower tree

Garmalo

Tree

Pustules, rheumatism, fever, heart-diseases, retained excretions, bronchitis, biliousness, ringworm.

16

Catharanthus roseus

(L.) G.Don

Apocynaceae

Periwinkle

Barmasi

Herb

Decoction of dried plant, boiled in oil is rubbed in joint regions in cases of lumbago. Leaf infusion is administered in menorrhagia, applied in wasp sting. Leaves are used in diabetes. Leaves kept in water in night and the water drunk in the morning, bring down the sugar level to normal.

17

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

Bombacaceae

Kapok tree

Shimlo

Tree

Used in dysentery, anemia, inflammatory, dropsial affection, hepatic disorder, rheumatic and gouty complaints, Kala-azar, chronic peritoneal conditions, heart diseases and kidney ailments. The root juice is used in diabetes.

18

Cestrum nocturnum L.

Solanaceae

Night blooming jasmine

Raat rani

Shrub

Decoctions of the dried leaves were not effective against pharmacologically induced convulsions, but repeated administration reduced the amplitude of epileptic spikes in both primary and secondary foci. Results suggest the plant possesses analgesic activity through a peripheral mechanism. An extract of the plant is used as an antispasmodic and as a treatment for epilepsy. In laboratory tests, extracts of the plant were shown to inhibit tumor growth and prolong the lifetime in a dose-dependent manner.

19

Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck

Rutaceae

Lemon

Limbu

Tree

Used mainly for culinary purposes and in the preparation of beverages. Oil of Lemon, used as carminative and for flavouring liqueurs. Lemon juice is very useful for scurvy. Fruit in the form of pickle useful in hypertrophy of spleen.

20

Coleus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng

Lamiaceae

Cuban oregano

Ajma

Herb

Used for the treatment of coughs, sore throats and nasal congestion, also for a range of other problems such as infections, rheumatism and flatulence

21

Cordia dichotoma G.Forst.

Boraginaceae

Indian cherry

Gundo

Tree

Dyspepsia, fever, Kernels: ring worms. Leaf: ulcers, prolapse of uterus/vagina and headache. Fruit: affection of Urinary passages, diseases of lungs and spleen. Plant: snakebite. Fruit: spleen and lungs diseases, dry cough, chest and urethral diseases, Chronic fever, lessening thirst, scalding of urine, bad humours, joint pains, throat burning.

22

Cordia sinensis Lam.

Boraginaceae

Grey-leaved saucer berry

Gundi

Tree

Decoction of the root and bark is used to treat stomach disorders. Roots are boiled and the decoction used for the treatment of malaria. The roots are used to induce abortion. Bark is astringent and is used to prepare a gargle. The leaves are used alone or in mixture with other medicinal plants as a treatment against fever.

23

Crateva magna (Lour.) DC

Capparaceae

Large garlic pear

Vayarno

Tree

The fresh leaves are rubefacient and tonic. They are applied as a tonic and skin irritant against high fever. The bark and roots are generally used against various female disorders or as a tonic. The root bark is used to treat urolithiasis. The juice from the bitter stem or root bark is used in decoction for stimulating the appetite or as a digestive, as a laxative against colic and as a febrifuge.

24

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Papilionaceae

Indian rosewood

Sisum

Tree

The roots are astringent and constipating. The leaves are bitter, stypic, ophthalmic, digestive, constipating anthelmintic, diuretic and stimulant. The heartwood is astringent, abortifacient, anthelmintic, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, antipyretic, depurative and appetiser. The roots are useful in dirhoea and dysentery. The leaves are useful in gonorrhoea, menorrhoea, excoriation, ophthalmopathy, dyspepsia, colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, vomiting, haemorrhoids and burning sensation. The bark and heartwood are useful in hyperdipsia, burning sensation, vomiting, skin diseases, leprosy, leucoderma, scabies, ulcers, dyspepsia, dysentery, scalding of urine, syphilis, gastropathy, helminthiasis, ophthalmopathy. Amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, hiccough, bronchitis, sciatica, gout, inflammations, intermittent fevers and vitiated conditions of vata.

25

Duranta erecta L.

Verbinaceae

Golden dew drops

Damyanti

Shrub

The plant is used in the treatment of fevers, skin itches. The plant is used as an insect repellant.

26

Euphorbia tithymaloides L.

Euphorbiaceae

Lady's slipper flower plant

Vilati Kharsani

Shrub

Root powerful emetic, used in west Indies under the name Ipecacuanha. Latex enetic, and caustic, used in venereal diseases; also applied to warts and leucoderma patches.

27

Ficus amplissima Rees.

Moraceae

Indian bat fig

Pipar

Tree

Bark is used as a natural anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant medicine, reducing blood glucose levels.

28

Ficus benghalensis L.

Moraceae

Banyan

Vad

Tree

Plant: biliousness, ulcers, erysipelas, vaginal complaints, fever, inflammations, Vomiting, leucorrhoea. Root: gonorrhoea, syphilis, biliousness, dysentery, inflammations of liver. Root fibers: gonorrhoea, obstinate vomiting, diabetes, and haemoptysis. Bark: Burning sensation, haemoptysis, haemorrhages, diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes, enuresis, ulcers, skin diseases, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, hyperdipsia. Leaves: Ulcers, Leprosy, allergic conditions of the skin, buming sensation, abscesses. Buds: Diarrhoea, dysentery. Milky juice: lessens inflammations, piles, gonorrhoea, and diseases of nose. Externally applied for pains and bruises and in rheumatism and lumbago, applied to soles of the. feet when cracked or inflamed, also applied to teeth and gums as a remedy for toothache. Fruits: Refrigerant, tonic, pitta. Latex: Neuralgia, rheumatism, lumbago, bruisies nastis, ulorrhagia, ulitis, odontopathy, haemorrhoids, gonorrhoea, inflammations, cracks of the sole and skin diseases.

29

Ficus racemosa L.

Moraceae

Cluster fig

Umro

Tree

Bark: Abortions. Leaves: Pitta, ulcers. Tender fruits: pitta, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, and hemorrhages. Ripe fruits: Menorrhagia, haemoptysis. Latex: aphrodisiac, haemorrhoids, diarrhoea.

30

Ficus religiosa L.

Moraceae

Sacred fig

Piplo

Tree

Plant parts: diseases of blood, vagina, uterus, and leucorrhoea, burning sensation, Gonorrhoea, Diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids, gastrohelcosis. Fruit: vomiting, digestion. Ripe fruit: burning sensation, foul taste, biliousness, blood and heart. Dried fruit: pulverized asthma, fruitfulness in women. Root: gout. Root bark: stomatitis, ulcers, leucorrhoea, granulations, and lumbago. Young root bark: bone fracture. Powdered root bark: absorbent in inflammatory swellings. Old leaves: soaked in water stops vomiting. Bark: Inflammatory swellings, burns. Leaves and tender shoots: wounds, skin diseases. Dried fruits: Asthma. Latex: Neuralgia, inflammations and hemorrhages.

31

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

Malvaceae

Shoe flower

Jasud

Shrub

Buds: burning sensation, urinary discharge, seminal weaknesses, piles, uterine and vaginal discharge, promote growth of foetus, cause vomiting and intestinal worms. Roots: Cough, venereal diseases, gonorrhoea, menorrhagia, pruritus and fever. Leaves: Burning sensation, hepatopathy, fatigue, abscesses, expulsion of the placenta, skin diseases, fever, constipation, pruritus. Flowers: Kapha and pitta, boils, inflammations, epilepsy, cerebropathy, dysentery, haemorhoids, urethrorrhoea, diabetes, bronchitis, emmenagoguge, cardiac debility, haemoptysis, menorrhagia, seminal weakness, skin diseases, leprosy and pruritus.

32

Jasminum sambac (L.) Sol

Oleaceae

Jui

Mogro

Shrub

The leaves and flowers are considered valuable as a lactifuge. Dried leaves soaked in water and made into poultice are used in indolent ulcers.

33

Justicia adhatoda L.

Acanthaceae

Malabar nut

Ardusi

Shrub

Plant: bronchitis, leprosy, blood impurities, heart troubles, thirst, asthma, fever, vomiting, loss of memory, leucoderma, consumption, jaundice, tumours, diseases of mouth. Root: facilitates the expulsion of foetus, strangury, leucorrhea with blood discharges bronchitis, asthma, bilious vomiting, sore eyes, fevers, gonorrhea. Leaves: gonorrhea. Flowers: improving blood circulation, lessen strangury, jaundice. Fruit: bronchitis. Leaves and Roots: for all sorts of cough. Juice of leaves diarrhoea, dysentery. Fresh flower: Ophthalmia. Root: powder: malarial fever, treatment of cold and cough, asthma, phthisis, diphtheria.

34

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.

Crassulaceae

Life plant

Pannfuti

Herb

Vitiated conditions of pitta and vata, haematemesis. haemorrhoids, menorrhagia, cuts and wounds, discolourisations of the skin, boils, sloughing, ulcers, opthalmia, burns, scalds, corn, diarrhoea dysentery, vomiting, acute inflammations.

35

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit

Mimosaceae

Wild tamarind

Liso baval

Tree

A decoction of the root and bark is abortifacient. The roasted seeds are emollient.

36

Limonia acidissima L.

Rutaceae

Wood apple

Kothu

Tree

Leaves are carminative, and astringent, yield an essential oil. Fruits are tonic, antiscorbutic, alexipharmic. Fruits are used in constipation.

37

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae

Mango

Keri

Tree

Root and bark: Pitta, metrorrhagia. colonorrhagia, Pneumorrhagia, leucorrhoea, syphilis, wounds, ulcers, vomiting, uteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery, diptheria, rheumatism. Leaves: Kapha and pitta, hiccough, hyperdipsia, burning sensation, haemorrhages, haemoptysis, haemorrhoids, wounds, ulcers, diarrhoea, dysentery, pharyngopathy, stomatopathy. Ash of burnt leaves: burns and scalds. Flowers: Pitta, haemorrhoids, haemoptysis, haemorrhages, wounds, ulcers, anorexia. Unripe fruit: Gastropathy, dyspepsia, pharyngopathy, ulcers, dysentery, urethrorrhoea, vaginopathy. Ripe fruit: Vata and pitta, anorexia, dyspepsia, cardiopathy, haemoptysis, haemorrhages, emaciation, anaemia, debility. Seed kernel: diarrhea, dysentery, haemorrhoids, haemorthages, haemoptysis, ulcers, bruises, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, diabetes, heartburn, vomiting. Leaves, bark, stem and unripe fruit shows antibacterial activity.

38

Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard

Sapotaceae

Ceylon iron wood

Rayan

Tree

The fruit is oleaginous, cooling, indigestible, tonic, aphrodisiac. The fruit is good for heart and cures biliousness, useful in leprosy. The seeds cure ulcers and opacities in the cornea.

39

Melia azedarach L.

Meliaceae

Chinaberry tree

Bakan limdo

Tree

The roots are acrid, bitter, astringent, mildly heating, anodyne, depurative, vulnerary, anti-septic, anthelmintic, constipating, expectorant, febrifuge, anti-periodic, urinary astringent, emmenagogue and tonic. The leaves are bitter, astringent, expectorant, vermicidal, antilithic, diuretic, emmenagogue and stomachic. The seeds are bitter, expectorant, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac. The flowers are astringent, refrigerant, anodyne, stomachic, Vermifuge, diuretic, emmenogogue, deobstruant and alexipharmic. The seed oil is laxative, anthelmintic, depurative, maturant and tonic. The roots are useful in vitiated conditions of diseases, vata, sciatica, skin helminthiasis especially tapeworm, asthma, Amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, chronic and intermittent fever, burning sensation and general debility. In excessive dose it is emetic and purgative. The leaves are useful in hysteria, leprosy, splenomegaly, cough, bronchitis and scabies. The seeds are useful in helminthiasis, typhoid fever, pain in pelvic region. The flowers are useful in cephalalgia, gastropathy, verminosis, strangury and fever. The seed oil is useful in hepatopathy, leprosy, otalgia, splenomegaly and dermatopathy.

40

Mimusops elengi L.

Sapotaceae

Spanish cherry

Borsali

Tree

Bark: used as a gargle for odontopathy, ulitis, ulemorrhagia. Tender stems: tooth brushes, cystorrhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery. Flowers: lotion for wound and ulcers, cephalagia. Seeds: Constipation.

41

Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringaceae

Drumstick

Saragavo

Tree

Vata and kapha, dyspepsia, anorexia, verminosis, diarrhoea, colic, flatulence, otalgia, paralysis, inflammations, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, fever, strangury, vesical and renal calculi, ascites, opthamapathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, pectoral diseases, splenomegaly, epilepsy, hysteria, cardiopathy, abscess, pharyngodynia. Bark: ascites, vitiated conditions of vata and kapha, ringworm. Leaves: Scurvy, vata and kapha, wounds, tumuors, inflammations, antihelminthis. Seeds: neuralgia, inflammations, intermitter fever, opthamology.

42

Morus alba L.

Moraceae

Mulberry

Shetur

Shrub

Fruit is useful for sore throat, dyspepsia and melancholia. Root bark used in nervous disorders.

43

Muntingia calabura L.

Muntingiaceae

Bird cherry

Jamaikan cherry

Tree

Infusion of the flowers is valued as an antispasmodic. It is taken to relieve headache. Flowers are said to possess antiseptic properties.

44

Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprg.

Rutaceae

Curry leaf plant

Mitho Limbdo

Shrub

The leaves and roots cure piles allay heat of the body, thirst inflammation, itching and useful in leucoderma and blood disorders. Barks and roots are used to cure eruptions and the bite of poisonous animals. The green leaves are eaten raw for the cure of dysentery; infusion is used to stop vomiting. Juice of the rood is good for the pain associated with kidney. The fruit is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery.

45

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

Lamiaceae

Holy basil

Tulsi

Herb

The juice of leaves possesses diaphoretic, antiperiodic, stimulating and expectorant properties. Used in catarrh and bronchitis, applied to the skin, in ringworm and other cutaneous diseases and dropped into the ear to relieve earache. An infusion of the leaves is used as a stomachic in gastric disorders of children. A decoction of the root is given as a diaphoretic in malarial fevers. The seeds are mucilaginous and demulcent, and are given in disorders of genitourinary systems

46

Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K. Heyne

Caesalpiniaceae

Copperpod

Tamraparni

Tree

Different parts of this tree are used to treat many diseases like stomatitis, insomnia, skin troubles and constipation. The traditional healers use the leaves in the form of decoction for treating skin disorders. Bark is used as medicine for dysentery, as eye lotion, embrocation for pains and sores. Stem infusion used in dysentery, for gargles, tooth powder and muscular pain. Flowers are used as an astringent to cure or relieve intestinal disorders after pain at childbirth, sprains, bruises and swelling or as a lotion for eye troubles, muscular pains and sores.

47

Phoenix dactylifera L.

Arecaceae

Date palm

Khajuri

Tree

Fruits are edible, considered restorative olcaginous, cardiotonic, fattening, abdominal constipating, aphrodisiac, good in heart complaints, vomiting, wandering of mind, Loss of consciousness. The central tender part is used in gonorrhoea and gleet. The root is used in tooth ache.

48

Phyllanthus emblica L.

Euphorbiaceae

Indian goose berry

Amla

Tree

Root bark is useful in ulcerative stomatitis, gastrohelicosis. The leaves are useful in conjunctivitis, inflammations, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery. The fruits are useful in vitiated conditions of tridosha, diabetes, cough, asthma, bronchitis, cephalagia, ophthalmopathy, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, erysipelas, skin diseases, leprosy, haematemesis, inflammations, anaemia, emaciation, hepatopathy, jaundice, strangury, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhages, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, cardiac disoders, intermittent fever and greyness of hair.

49

Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.

Mimosaceae

Manilla tamarind

Goras ambli

Tree

A paste made from the leaves is applied externally to treat muscular swellings caused by some inflammations. Bark of the root is a good remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery. The bark is used medicinally as a febrifuge. The fruit pulp is taken orally to stop blood flow in case of haemoptysis. The seed juice is inhaled into the nostrils against chest congestion and pulverised seeds are ingested for internal ulcers.

50

Plumeria rubra L.

Apocynaceae

White frangipani

Champo

Tree

Root Bark: Ulcers, Pruritus, leprosy, gastropathy. vata and kapha. Leaves: inflammations. Milky juice: rubefacient in rheumatism.

51

Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

Papilionaceae

Indian beech tree

Karanj

Tree

Seeds oil is useful in skin diseases, eczema. Root is used for treating gonorrhea, cleaning gums, teeth, and ulcers, and is also used in vaginal and skin diseases.

52

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce

Mimosaceae

Ghaf

Khijado

Tree

The plant is reported to be astringent, demulcent, and pectora. The flowers are pounded, mixed with sugar and eaten during pregnancy as a safeguard against miscarriage. The ashes of the plant are rubbed over the skin to remove hair. The bark is considered to be anthelmintic, refrigerant, and tonic. It is used for treating asthma, bronchitis, dysentery, leucoderma, leprosy, rheumatism, scorpion stings, muscle tremors, piles, and wandering of the mind. Smoke from the leaves is suggested for eye troubles. The seedpod is said to be astringent.

53

Psidium guajava L.

Myrtaceae

Guava

Jamphal

Tree

Roots: haemorrhages, diarrhoea, dysentery, ulcers, gingivitis, proctoptosis, vomiting. Leaves: Wounds, ulcers, cholera, diarrhoea, vomiting, nephritis, cachexia, vata, epilepsy, odontalgia, gum boils. Flowers: bronchitis, opthalmodynia, colic, ulemorrhagia. Fruits: Pitta, dipsia, burning sensation, colic, ulemorrhagia, diarrhoea, dysentery, debility.

54

Punica granatum L.

Lythraceae

Pomegranate

Dadam

Shrub

Root and stem bark: Tapeworm infection, vomiting. Flowers: Vomiting, pitta, opthalmodynia, ulcers, pharyngodynia, hydrocele. Fruits: Anaemia, hyperdipsia, pharyngodynia, opthalmodynia, pectoral diseases, splenopathy, bronchitis, otalgia. Fruit rind: dysentery. diarthoea, and gastralgia. Seeds: vomiting, opthalmodynia, pitta, scabies, hepatopathy, splenopathy.

55

Ruellia tuberosa L.

Acanthaceae

Snapdragon root

Fatakadi

Herb

Used for the treatment of stones in the bladder. A decoction of the leaves is given in chronic bronchitis

56

Salvadora persica L.

Salvadoraceae

Meswak

Piludi

Tree

The root bark is used to relieve splenalgia. The stem bark is useful in asthma, bronchitis, and cough, vitiated condition of vata, strangury, painful tumors, scurvy, constipation, verminosis and haemorrhoids. The shoots and leaves are useful in all types of poisons, cough and bronchitis. The fruits are stomachic, purgative and digestive. Tender twigs are used as toothbrush.

57

Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.

Caesalpiniaceae

Matura tea tree

Aval

Shrub

The root is used in decoctions against fevers, diabetes, diseases of urinary system and constipation. The leaves have laxative properties. The dried flowers and flower buds are used as a substitute for tea in case of diabetes patients. The seeds are used in ophthalmia.

58

Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin et Barneby

Caesalpiniaceae

Kassod tree

Kasheed

Tree

Fruit is used to charm away intestinal worms and to prevent convulsions in children. The heartwood is said to be a laxative, and a decoction is used against scabies.

59

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.

Myrtaceae

Black plum

Jamboo

Tree

The bark is useful in diabetes, leucorrhoea, stomachaigia, fever, gastropathy, strangury and dermatopathy. The tender leaves are used for vomiting. The leaves are used for strengthnening the teeth and gums. The fruits and seeds are used in diabetes, diarrhoea, pharyngitis, splenopathy, urethrorrhoea and ring worm.

60

Syzygium jambos L. (Alston)

Myrtaceae

Rose apple

Gulab jamboo

Tree

The bark is astringent, bitter, sweet, haemostatic, depurative, vulnerary, anti diarrhoeal and anthelmintic. The fruits sweet and aromatic and are edible. Bark is useful in gout, haemorrhages, syphilis, leprosy, dermatopathy, diarrhoea, colic, helminthiasis, wound, ulcers, stomatitis and vitiated conditions of 'pitta'.

61

Tabernaemontana divaricata R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Apocynaceae

Crape jasmine

Tagar

Shrub

Crude extract used against infectious diseases such as syphilis, leprosy, and gonorrhoea, as well as its antiparasitic

action against worms, dysentery, diarrhoea, and malaria.

62

Tamarindus indica L.

Caesalpiniaceae

Tamarind tree

Ambli

Tree

The root bark is useful in diarrhoea, asthama, Amenorrhoea, gingivitis and ulcers. The leaves are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, swellings, fever, scalding of urine, gastropathy. helminthiasis, wounds, ulcers, jaundice, scabies, tumours, ringworms, boils, small pox, otalgia and conjunctivitis. The fruits are useful in gastropathy, bilious vomiting, dhatura poisoning, alcoholic intoxication , dypsia, scabies, pharyngitis, poisoning, stomatitis, constipation, haemorrhoids, ophthalmopathy. The seeds are useful in stomachalgia, diarrhoea, dysentery, dipsia, burning sensation, haematuria, giddiness, vertigo, hepatopathy, inflammations, chronic ulcers, abcess, haemorrhoids, vaginopathy, metroptosis, diabetes and general debility.

63

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth

Bignoniaceae

Yellow trumpet

Pili vasant

Shrub

Used for treatment of diabetes, digestive problems, control of yeast infections, as powerful diuretic, vermifuge and tonic.

64

Tecomella undulata (Sm) Seem

Bignoniaceae

Desert teak

Ragatrohido

Tree

The bark is used for syphilis. Bark given internally on broken bones.

65

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.

Combretaceae

Arjun tree

Arjun sadad

Tree

It is useful in fractures, ulcers, urethrorrhoea, leucorrhoea, diabetes, vitiated conditions of pitta, anaemia, cardiopathy, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, asthma, bronchitis, tumours, otalgia, inflammations, dysentery, internal and external haemorrhages and hypotension.

66

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Combretaceae

Belleric myrobalan

Baheda

Tree

The bark is useful in leucoderma. The fruits are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and pitta, cough, bronchitis, pharyngitis, insomnia, dropsy, dyspepsia, flatulence, dipsia, vomiting, haemonrhages, ophthalmopathy, strangury, splenomegali, cephalalgia, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, ulcer and general debility. The oil obtained from the seeds is useful in dyspepsia, skin diseases, leucoderma and greyness of hairs.

67

Terminalia catappa L.

Combretaceae

Indian almond

Badam

Tree

Fruit is useful inbiliousness, bronchitis and bowels. Juice of the leaves is used in the preparation of the ointment for scabies, laprosy and other cutaneous diseases and also useful in headache and colic. The root bark is given in dysentery and diarrhoea. The bark cures bilious fevers.

68

Terminalia chebula Retz.

Combretaceae

Chebulic myrobalan

Harde

Tree

They are useful in vitiated conditions of tridoshas, wounds, ulcers. inflammations, hepatopathy, gastropathy, anorexia, helminthiasis, flatulence, haemorrhoids, jaundice, hepatopathy, splenopathy, pharyngodynia, hiccough, cough, uropathy and general debility.

69

Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa

Malvaceae

Indian tulip tree

Paras peeplo

Tree

It is useful in dermatopathy such as scabies, psoriasis, ringwomm and guineaworm, leprosy, urethritis, gonorrhoea, haemorhoids, haemorrhages, haemotysis, inflammations, wounds, ulcers, diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes, cholera, ascites, dyspnea, cough, asthama, catarrah, and vitiated conditions of pitta. The bark and fruits possess more curative properties.

70

Vitex negundo L.

Verbinaceae

Chaste tree

Nagod

Tree

The roots are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, cephalalgia, otalgia, arthritis, inflammations, dyspepsia, colic, verminosis, flatulence, dysentery, uropathy, wounds, ulcers, bronchitis, cough, malarial fever, heamorrhoids, dysmannorhoea, leprosy, dermatopathy, ophathalmopathy and general debility. The leaves are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, cephalalgia, sprains, orchitis, gout, splenohepatomegaly, Otorrhoea, inflammations and ulcers. The bark is useful in vitiated conditions of vata, odontalgia, verminosis and ophthalmopathy.

71

Volkameria inermis L.

 Verbinaceae

Glory bowee

Vilayati mendi

Shrub

The juice of the leaves has much reputation to bring down the fever.

Family

No. of species

Caesalpiniaceae

7

Apocynaceae

6

Mimosaceae

5

Moraceae

5

Combretaceae

4

Rutaceae

4

Myrtaceae

3

Papilionaceae

3

Verbinaceae

3

Acanthaceae

2

Bignoniaceae

2

Boraginaceae

2

Euphorbiaceae

2

Lamiaceae

2

Malvaceae

2

Meliaceae

2

Sapotaceae

2

Amaranthaceae

1

Anacardiaceae

1

Annonaceae

1

Arecaceae

1

Bombacaceae

1

Capparaceae

1

Crassulaceae

1

Lythraceae

1

Moringaceae

1

Muntingiaceae                         

1

Oleaceae

1

Poaceae

1

Salvadoraceae

1

Simaroubaceae

1

Solanaceae

1