Niosomes: A Novel Carrier Drug Delivery System
Abstract
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surfactants. Niosomes are mostly preferred than liposomes because they are stable and cost effective. Niosomes potentiate the pharmacological action of the drug molecules by delaying the clearance of the drug from the circulation, protecting the drug from biological environment and restricting the effects only to the target cells. In novel drug delivery it has applications on treatment of cancer, used as a carrier in haemoglobin, delivery of the peptide drugs through oral route, in treatment of leishmaniasis, in ophthalmic delivery and as carrier in dermal drug delivery. This review article focuses on the composition, advantages, types of niosomes, methods of preparation, characterization and application of the vesicular system.
Keywords: Niosomes, Composition, Types, Method of preparation, Factors affecting, Application.
Keywords:
Niosomes, Composition, Types, Method of preparation, Factors affecting
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References
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2. Baillie AJ, Florence AT, Hume LR, Muirhead GT, Rogerson A. The preparation and properties of niosomes-non-ionic surfactant vesicles. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1985; 37(12): 863–868.
3. Madhav NVS, Saini A. Niosomes: a novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2011; 1(3): 498– 511.
4. Allen TM. Liposomal drug formulations: Rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Drugs, 1998; 56(5): 747–756.
5. Handjani-Vila RM, Ribier A, Rondot B and Vanlerberghie G. Dispersions of lamellar phases of nonionic lipids in cosmetic products. Int. J. Cos. Sci, 1979; 1:303-314.
6. Kemps J and Crommelin DA. Hydrolyse van fosfolipiden in watering milieu. Pharm Weekbl, 1998; 123: 355-363.
7. Rai AK, Alam G, Singh AP and Verma NK. Niosomes: An approach to current drug delivery-a Review. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutics, 2017; 6(2): 41-48.
8. Kaur D, Kumar S. Niosomes: present scenario and future aspects. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 2018; 8(5): 35-43.
9. Syeda SF, Shireen B, Talath F, Madiha J. Niosomes as nanoparticular drug carriers. Ijppr.Human, 2017; 9(3): 117-133.
10. Keshavshetti GG, Shirsand SB. Recent advances in niosomal drug delivery - a review. Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, 2019; 5(3): 514-531.
11. Sanklecha VM, Pande VV, Pawar SS, Pagar OB and Jadhav AC. Review on Niosomes. Austin Pharmacol Pharm., 2018; 3(2): 1-7.
12. Gurjar P, Naik N, Chouksey S. Niosome: a promising pharmaceutical drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. Anal., 2014; 2(5): 425-431.
13. Kalra N, Jeyabalan G. Niosomes: A versatile drug delivery system. Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, 2016; 2(4): 44-54.
14. Bhat MI, Ganesh NS, Majeed T and Chandy V. Niosomes a controlled and novel drug delivery system: A brief review. World journal of Pharmaceutical sciences, 2019; 3(8): 481-497.
15. Usman MRM, Ghuge PR and Jain BV. Niosomes: a novel trend of drug delivery. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017; 4(7): 436-442.
16. Sharma D, Ali AAE, Aate JR. Niosomes as novel drug delivery system: review article. PharmaTutor, 2018; 6(3): 58-65.
17. Sudheer P, Kaushik K. Review on niosomes – a novel approach for drug targeting. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015; 14(1): 20-25.
18. Hadjizadeh A, Moghassemi S. Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. Journal of Controlled Release, 2014; 185: 22–36.
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25. Greenblatt DJ, Perloff MD, Moltke LLV, Marchand JE. Ritonavir induces P-glycoprotein expression, multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP1) expression, and drug transporter mediated activity in a human intestinal cell line. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2001; 90(11): 1829-1837.
26. Kumar GP, Rajeshwarrao P. Nonionic surfactant vesicular systems for effective drug delivery—an overview. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2011; 1(4):208-219.
27. Uchegbu IF, Vyas SP. Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1998; 172: 33-70.
28. Uchegbu IF, Florence AT. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): physical and pharmaceutical chemistry. Advances in Colloid Interface Science, 1995; 58:1-55.
29. Florence AT, Arunothayanun P, Bernard MS, Craig DQM, Uchegbu IF.The effect of processing variables on the physical characteristics of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) formed from a hexadecyl diglycerol ether. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2000; 201:7–14.
30. Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, Gupta R, Pandey S. Niosomes: A review on niosomal research in the last decade. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2020; 56:1-17.
31. Nasir A, Harikumar SL and Kaur A. Niosomes: An excellent tool for drug delivery. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistrys, 2012; 2(2): 479-487.
32. De S, Girigoswami A, Das S. Fluorescence and dynamic light scattering studies of niosomes membrane mimetic systems. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2006; 64: 859-866.
33. Rogerson A, Cummings J, Florence AT. Adriamycin-loaded niosomes-drug entrapment, stability and release. Journal of Microencapsulation, 1987; 4(4): 321– 328.
34. Cummings J, Rogerson A, Florence AT, Willmott N. The distribution of doxorubicin in mice following administration in niosomes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1988; 40: 337-342.
35. Louis D, Mahmoud K, Mohamed M and Ibrahim A. An overview on niosomes: a drug nanocarrier. Drug Designing and Intellectual Properties International Journal, 2018; 1(5): 143-151.
36. Uchegbu IF, Lalatsa A, Wong D (2013). Polymeric nanoparticles. In: Uchegbu IF, Schatzlein AG, Cheng WP and Lalatsa A editors. Fundamentals of pharmaceutical nanoscience, Springer, New York, USA Publishers, .p. 211-234.
37. Khan R, Irchhaiya R. Niosomes: a potential tool for novel drug delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2016; 46(3): 195-204.
38. Dwivedi C, Kumar B, Tiwari SP, Satapathy T, Yadav R, Sahu G, Roy A. Niosomes: an excellent tool for drug delivery. Int.J.of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 2014; 3(3): 192-204.
39. Cetinel S, Zarrabi A, Durak S, Rad ME, Yetisgin AA, Sutova HE and Kutlu O. Niosomal drug delivery systems for ocular disease—recent advances and future prospects. Nanomaterials, 2020; 10(6): 1-29.
40. More VV, Gilhotra RM, Manoj M. Nitalikar, Prajakta K. Khule. Niosomal drug delivery - a comprehensive review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2018; 12(4): 1159-1164.
41. Baillie AJ, Coombs GH, Dolan TF, Laurie J. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, niosomes, as a delivery system for the anti-leishmanial drug, sodium stibogluconate. J. Pharm Pharmacol., 1986; 38: 502-505.
42. Chavda VP. Niosome: a vesicular weapon for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery, 2016; 8(3): 133-156.
43. Frank LS and Huang L. Large scale production of DC-Chol cationic liposomes by microfluidization. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1996; 144(2): 131–139.
44. Gowda DV, Jain SC, Gupta NV, Kulkarni PK. A brief review on niosomes. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2017; 11(5): 450-458.
45. Raja NR, Pillai GK, Udupa N, Chandrashekar G. Antiinflammatory activity of niosome encapsulated diclofenac sodium in arthritic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1994; 26(1): 46-48.
46. Sunilkumar MR, AdlinJinoNesalin J, Man TT. Niosome as a novel drug delivery system-review. Internationa Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Siences, 2015; 5(3): 1-7.
47. Lohumi A, Rawat S, Sarkar Si, Sipai AB, Yadav MV. A novel drug delivery system: niosomes review. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 2012; 2(5): 129-135.
48. Mayer LD, Bally MB, Hope MJ, Cullis PR. Uptake of antineoplastic agents into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a membrane potential. Biochem Biophys Acta, 1985; 816(2): 294-302.
49. Kuotsu K, Karim MK, Mandal AS, Biswas N, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M. Niosome: a future of targeted drug delivery systems. J Adv Pharm Tech Res., 2010; 4(1): 374-380.
50. Navya MN, Parthiban S, Neasalin JAJ, Vikneswari A. Niosomes as novel vesicular drug delivery system- a review. Asian Journal of Research in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014; 2(2): 62-68.
51. Chauhan S, Luorence MJ. The preparation of polyoxyethylene containing non-ionic surfactant vesicles. J Pharm Pharmacol., 1989; 41(6).
52. Yuan WE, Xuemei Ge, Minyan Wei, Suna H. Advances of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) and their application in drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 2019; 11(2): 1-16.
53. Yadav JD, Kulkarni PR, Vaidya KA, Shelke GT. Niosomes: a review. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2011; 4(3): 632-636.
54. Khanam N, Alam MI, Sachan AK, Gangwar SS, Sharma R. Recent trends in drug delivery by niosomes: a review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2013; 1(3): 115-122.
55. Sudhamani T, Priyadarisini N, Radhakrishnan M. Proniosomes -a promising drug carriers. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010; 2(2): 1446-1454.
56. Almira I, Blazek-Welsh, Rhodes DG. Maltodextrin-Based Proniosomes. AAPS Pharm SciTec., 2001; 3(1): 1-8.
57. Blazek-Walsh AI and Rhodes DG. SEM imaging predicts quality of niosomes from maltodextrin-based proniosomes. Pharmceutical Research, 2001; 18: 656-661.
58. Gandhi M, Paralkar S, Sonule M, Dabhade D and Pagar S. Niosomes: novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 2014; 2(2): 267-274.
59. Akhilesh D, Kamath JV. Review on span-60 based non-ionic surfactant vesicles as novel drug delivery. International journal of research in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, 2012; 3(1): 6-12.
60. Nagalakshmi, Aruljothy M, Shanmuganathan S. An overview on niosome as carrier in dermal drug delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical science and Research, 2015; 7(11): 923-927.
61. Sharma P, Jain AP, Pandey P, Gupta R, Roshan S. Niosome a novel approach for drug delivery system: an overview. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical science and Research, 2013; 3(5):18-30.
62. Cummings J, Staurt JF, Calman KC. Determination of adriamycin, adriamycinol and their 7- deoxyaglycones inhuman serum by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 1984; 311: 125-33.
63. Vadlamudi CH, Sevukarajan M. Niosomal drug delivery system- a review. Indo American Journal of Pharmceutical Research, 2012; 2(9).
64. Nasseri B. Effect of cholesterol and temperature on the elastic properties of niosomal membranes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2005; 300: 95-101.
65. Mahale NB, Thakkar PD, Mali RG, Walunj DR, Chaudhari SR. Niosomes: novel sustained release nonionic stable vesicular systems - an overview. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2012; 183-184: 46–54.
66. Sarker A, Shimu IJ, Alam SAA. Niosome: as dermal drug delivery tool. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 2015; 10(2): 73-79.
67. Sakthivel M, Kannan K, Manavalan, Senthamarai. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles-a review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical, 2012; 3(1):604-614.
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2. Baillie AJ, Florence AT, Hume LR, Muirhead GT, Rogerson A. The preparation and properties of niosomes-non-ionic surfactant vesicles. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1985; 37(12): 863–868.
3. Madhav NVS, Saini A. Niosomes: a novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2011; 1(3): 498– 511.
4. Allen TM. Liposomal drug formulations: Rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Drugs, 1998; 56(5): 747–756.
5. Handjani-Vila RM, Ribier A, Rondot B and Vanlerberghie G. Dispersions of lamellar phases of nonionic lipids in cosmetic products. Int. J. Cos. Sci, 1979; 1:303-314.
6. Kemps J and Crommelin DA. Hydrolyse van fosfolipiden in watering milieu. Pharm Weekbl, 1998; 123: 355-363.
7. Rai AK, Alam G, Singh AP and Verma NK. Niosomes: An approach to current drug delivery-a Review. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutics, 2017; 6(2): 41-48.
8. Kaur D, Kumar S. Niosomes: present scenario and future aspects. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 2018; 8(5): 35-43.
9. Syeda SF, Shireen B, Talath F, Madiha J. Niosomes as nanoparticular drug carriers. Ijppr.Human, 2017; 9(3): 117-133.
10. Keshavshetti GG, Shirsand SB. Recent advances in niosomal drug delivery - a review. Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, 2019; 5(3): 514-531.
11. Sanklecha VM, Pande VV, Pawar SS, Pagar OB and Jadhav AC. Review on Niosomes. Austin Pharmacol Pharm., 2018; 3(2): 1-7.
12. Gurjar P, Naik N, Chouksey S. Niosome: a promising pharmaceutical drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. Anal., 2014; 2(5): 425-431.
13. Kalra N, Jeyabalan G. Niosomes: A versatile drug delivery system. Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, 2016; 2(4): 44-54.
14. Bhat MI, Ganesh NS, Majeed T and Chandy V. Niosomes a controlled and novel drug delivery system: A brief review. World journal of Pharmaceutical sciences, 2019; 3(8): 481-497.
15. Usman MRM, Ghuge PR and Jain BV. Niosomes: a novel trend of drug delivery. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017; 4(7): 436-442.
16. Sharma D, Ali AAE, Aate JR. Niosomes as novel drug delivery system: review article. PharmaTutor, 2018; 6(3): 58-65.
17. Sudheer P, Kaushik K. Review on niosomes – a novel approach for drug targeting. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015; 14(1): 20-25.
18. Hadjizadeh A, Moghassemi S. Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. Journal of Controlled Release, 2014; 185: 22–36.
19. Zhang S, Morris ME. Efflux transporters in drug excretion. In: Wang B, Siahaan T, Soltero R, editors. Drug Delivery: Principles and Applications, New Jersey, John Wiley &Sons publishers, 2005 .p. 381–398.
20. Bhatt P, Lalani R, Vhora I, Patil S, Amrutiya J, Misra A, et al. Liposomes encapsulating native and cyclodextrin enclosed paclitaxel: Enhanced loading efficiency and its pharmacokinetic evaluation. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2018;536(1):95-107.
21. Shtil AA, Grinchuk TM, Tee L, Mechenter EB, and Ignatova TN. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein is associated with a decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential in doxorubixin selected K562 human leukemia cells. International Journal of Oncology, 2000; 17: 387–392.
22. Kumar SD, Agarwal S, Sheikh MM, Raveendran S, Rochani AK, Maekawa T. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of morusin loaded niosomes for potentiation of anticancer therapy. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 2018; 8: 32621-32636.
23. Amoabediny G, Naderinezhad S, Haghiralsadat F. Co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs using biocompatible pH-sensitive lipid-based nano-carriers for multidrug-resistant cancers. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 2017; 7: 30008–300019.
24. Ueda K, Okamura N, Hirai M, Tanigawara Y, Saeki T,Kioka N, Komano T and Hori R. Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1992; 267(34): 24248-24252.
25. Greenblatt DJ, Perloff MD, Moltke LLV, Marchand JE. Ritonavir induces P-glycoprotein expression, multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP1) expression, and drug transporter mediated activity in a human intestinal cell line. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2001; 90(11): 1829-1837.
26. Kumar GP, Rajeshwarrao P. Nonionic surfactant vesicular systems for effective drug delivery—an overview. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2011; 1(4):208-219.
27. Uchegbu IF, Vyas SP. Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1998; 172: 33-70.
28. Uchegbu IF, Florence AT. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): physical and pharmaceutical chemistry. Advances in Colloid Interface Science, 1995; 58:1-55.
29. Florence AT, Arunothayanun P, Bernard MS, Craig DQM, Uchegbu IF.The effect of processing variables on the physical characteristics of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) formed from a hexadecyl diglycerol ether. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2000; 201:7–14.
30. Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, Gupta R, Pandey S. Niosomes: A review on niosomal research in the last decade. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2020; 56:1-17.
31. Nasir A, Harikumar SL and Kaur A. Niosomes: An excellent tool for drug delivery. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistrys, 2012; 2(2): 479-487.
32. De S, Girigoswami A, Das S. Fluorescence and dynamic light scattering studies of niosomes membrane mimetic systems. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2006; 64: 859-866.
33. Rogerson A, Cummings J, Florence AT. Adriamycin-loaded niosomes-drug entrapment, stability and release. Journal of Microencapsulation, 1987; 4(4): 321– 328.
34. Cummings J, Rogerson A, Florence AT, Willmott N. The distribution of doxorubicin in mice following administration in niosomes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1988; 40: 337-342.
35. Louis D, Mahmoud K, Mohamed M and Ibrahim A. An overview on niosomes: a drug nanocarrier. Drug Designing and Intellectual Properties International Journal, 2018; 1(5): 143-151.
36. Uchegbu IF, Lalatsa A, Wong D (2013). Polymeric nanoparticles. In: Uchegbu IF, Schatzlein AG, Cheng WP and Lalatsa A editors. Fundamentals of pharmaceutical nanoscience, Springer, New York, USA Publishers, .p. 211-234.
37. Khan R, Irchhaiya R. Niosomes: a potential tool for novel drug delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2016; 46(3): 195-204.
38. Dwivedi C, Kumar B, Tiwari SP, Satapathy T, Yadav R, Sahu G, Roy A. Niosomes: an excellent tool for drug delivery. Int.J.of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 2014; 3(3): 192-204.
39. Cetinel S, Zarrabi A, Durak S, Rad ME, Yetisgin AA, Sutova HE and Kutlu O. Niosomal drug delivery systems for ocular disease—recent advances and future prospects. Nanomaterials, 2020; 10(6): 1-29.
40. More VV, Gilhotra RM, Manoj M. Nitalikar, Prajakta K. Khule. Niosomal drug delivery - a comprehensive review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2018; 12(4): 1159-1164.
41. Baillie AJ, Coombs GH, Dolan TF, Laurie J. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, niosomes, as a delivery system for the anti-leishmanial drug, sodium stibogluconate. J. Pharm Pharmacol., 1986; 38: 502-505.
42. Chavda VP. Niosome: a vesicular weapon for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery, 2016; 8(3): 133-156.
43. Frank LS and Huang L. Large scale production of DC-Chol cationic liposomes by microfluidization. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1996; 144(2): 131–139.
44. Gowda DV, Jain SC, Gupta NV, Kulkarni PK. A brief review on niosomes. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2017; 11(5): 450-458.
45. Raja NR, Pillai GK, Udupa N, Chandrashekar G. Antiinflammatory activity of niosome encapsulated diclofenac sodium in arthritic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1994; 26(1): 46-48.
46. Sunilkumar MR, AdlinJinoNesalin J, Man TT. Niosome as a novel drug delivery system-review. Internationa Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Siences, 2015; 5(3): 1-7.
47. Lohumi A, Rawat S, Sarkar Si, Sipai AB, Yadav MV. A novel drug delivery system: niosomes review. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 2012; 2(5): 129-135.
48. Mayer LD, Bally MB, Hope MJ, Cullis PR. Uptake of antineoplastic agents into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a membrane potential. Biochem Biophys Acta, 1985; 816(2): 294-302.
49. Kuotsu K, Karim MK, Mandal AS, Biswas N, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M. Niosome: a future of targeted drug delivery systems. J Adv Pharm Tech Res., 2010; 4(1): 374-380.
50. Navya MN, Parthiban S, Neasalin JAJ, Vikneswari A. Niosomes as novel vesicular drug delivery system- a review. Asian Journal of Research in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014; 2(2): 62-68.
51. Chauhan S, Luorence MJ. The preparation of polyoxyethylene containing non-ionic surfactant vesicles. J Pharm Pharmacol., 1989; 41(6).
52. Yuan WE, Xuemei Ge, Minyan Wei, Suna H. Advances of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) and their application in drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 2019; 11(2): 1-16.
53. Yadav JD, Kulkarni PR, Vaidya KA, Shelke GT. Niosomes: a review. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2011; 4(3): 632-636.
54. Khanam N, Alam MI, Sachan AK, Gangwar SS, Sharma R. Recent trends in drug delivery by niosomes: a review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2013; 1(3): 115-122.
55. Sudhamani T, Priyadarisini N, Radhakrishnan M. Proniosomes -a promising drug carriers. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010; 2(2): 1446-1454.
56. Almira I, Blazek-Welsh, Rhodes DG. Maltodextrin-Based Proniosomes. AAPS Pharm SciTec., 2001; 3(1): 1-8.
57. Blazek-Walsh AI and Rhodes DG. SEM imaging predicts quality of niosomes from maltodextrin-based proniosomes. Pharmceutical Research, 2001; 18: 656-661.
58. Gandhi M, Paralkar S, Sonule M, Dabhade D and Pagar S. Niosomes: novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 2014; 2(2): 267-274.
59. Akhilesh D, Kamath JV. Review on span-60 based non-ionic surfactant vesicles as novel drug delivery. International journal of research in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, 2012; 3(1): 6-12.
60. Nagalakshmi, Aruljothy M, Shanmuganathan S. An overview on niosome as carrier in dermal drug delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical science and Research, 2015; 7(11): 923-927.
61. Sharma P, Jain AP, Pandey P, Gupta R, Roshan S. Niosome a novel approach for drug delivery system: an overview. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical science and Research, 2013; 3(5):18-30.
62. Cummings J, Staurt JF, Calman KC. Determination of adriamycin, adriamycinol and their 7- deoxyaglycones inhuman serum by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 1984; 311: 125-33.
63. Vadlamudi CH, Sevukarajan M. Niosomal drug delivery system- a review. Indo American Journal of Pharmceutical Research, 2012; 2(9).
64. Nasseri B. Effect of cholesterol and temperature on the elastic properties of niosomal membranes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2005; 300: 95-101.
65. Mahale NB, Thakkar PD, Mali RG, Walunj DR, Chaudhari SR. Niosomes: novel sustained release nonionic stable vesicular systems - an overview. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2012; 183-184: 46–54.
66. Sarker A, Shimu IJ, Alam SAA. Niosome: as dermal drug delivery tool. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 2015; 10(2): 73-79.
67. Sakthivel M, Kannan K, Manavalan, Senthamarai. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles-a review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical, 2012; 3(1):604-614.
68. Jindal K. Niosomes as a potential carrier system: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 2015; 5(4): 947-959.
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Kauslya A, Borawake PD, Shinde JV, Chavan RS. Niosomes: A Novel Carrier Drug Delivery System. JDDT [Internet]. 15Jan.2021 [cited 19May2024];11(1):162-70. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/4479
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