Zanjabeel (Zingiber offcinale) Transformation of Culinary Spice to a multi-functional Medicine
Abstract
The various traditional systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha use several plant species to treat different ailments. The Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine has been practiced since ancient times for the treatment of range of diseases. Traditional medicine usually takes a “holistic” approach where the physical, spiritual (which includes mental), and most often social well-being of an individual are treated. Thus, the medicinal value of an herbal product may be intimately related to its nutritional and psychological aspects. It is estimated that between 70% and 95% of citizens in a majority of developing countries use traditional medicine for the management of health and as primary health care to address their health-care needs and concerns. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Zanjabeel (Zingiber officinale) is a very famous herbal drug which is widely used in world as spice as well as drug in traditional medicine. This article aims at reviewing the Zanjabeel on the basis of description in Unani system of medicine, its Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses and to discuss scientific studies.
Keywords: Zanjabeel, Unani, Pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses.
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References
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6. Alyahya M.A, Rafatullah S, Mossa J.S., Aqeel A.M., Parmar N.S., and Tariq M. Gastroprotective activity of ginger Zingiber officinale Rosc, in Albino rats. American Journal of Chinese medicine 1989; Vol. XVII Nos 1-2: pp 51-56.
7. Auta KI, Galadiuma AA, Bassey JU, Olowoniyi OD, Moses OO and Yako AB. Antimicrobial properties of the ethanolic extracts of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas areuginosa. Annals of Biological Research 2011; 2 (3): 307-311.
8. Aghazadeh M, Bialvaei AZ, Aghazadeh M, Kabiri F, Saliani N, Yousefi M, Eslami H, Kafil HS. Survey of the Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Effects of Zingiber officinale (in vitro Study). Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2016; 9(2).
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10. Bentley R, Trimen H. Medicinal plants, 1st Ed, Vol. IV, Omsons Publications, New Delhi, 2002, 1446.
11. Bhattacharjee SK., Medicinal Herbs and Flowers: Aaavishkar Publishers Distributors, Jaipur; 2005.
12. Bordbar H, Esmaeilpour T, Dehghani F, Panjeshahin MR. Steriological Study of the effect of Ginger’s alcoholic extract on the testes in Busulfan induced infertility in rats. Iran Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2013; 11(6): 467-472.
13. Cupp M.J. Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology of Herbal Products, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2001, 123.
14. Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Nayar SL. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resource, New Delhi, 2002, 261
15. Dymock W, Warden CJH, Hooper D. Pharmacographia Indica, Vol. III, Sriishti Book Distributors, New Delhi, 2005, 420- 421.
16. Dyab AK, Yones DA, Ibraheim ZZ, Hassan TM. Anti-giardial therapeutic potential of dichloromethane extracts of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa in vitro and in vivo. Parasitologyresearch. 2016; 115(7): 2637-45.
17. Evans WC. Trease and Evans pharmacognosy, 15th Ed, Elsevier, 2008, 52.
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19. Hakim MA. Bustanul Mufradat, IdaraTaraqqee, Urdu Publication, Lucknow, YNM, 56.
20. Hickok JT, Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Ryan JL. A phase II/III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for nausea caused by chemotherapy for cancer: a currently accruing URCC CCOP Cancer Control Study. Supportive cancer therapy. 2007; 4(4): 247-50.
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23. Jian Ping MA, Xiao Ling JIN, Yang Li, Zhong Li LIU. Two New Diarylheptanoids from the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, Chinese Chemical Letters, 15(11), 2004, 1306-1308.
24. Joy PP, Thomas J, Mathew S, Skaria B P. (Ed.).Medicinal plants. Kerala agricultural university Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station; Ernakulum; 1980:210.
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30. Khan S. Taleef e Sharifi, Matba Kishore, Darussalam, Delhi, 1280H, 17.
31. Khare CP. Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal plants. Germany: Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2004; 354-356.
32. Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants: an Illustrated Dictionary. Berlin: Heidelberg Springer; 2007; 733- 734.
33. Khori RN, Katrak NN. Materia Medica of India and their Therapeutics, Neeraj Publishing House New Delhi; 1985.
34. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Ed, Vol. 10, Oriental Enterprises, Uttaranchal, India, 2003, 3363-3367.
35. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy, 43th Edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2009, 11.103-11.105.
36. Kumar S. The Medicinal Plants of North- East India: Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur; 2002.
37. Momin HMM. Tohfa al Momineen (Persian), Nawal kishore, Lucknow, 1272 H, 136.
38. Majoosi AA. Kamil us Sana (Urdu Translation by Kantoori GH), Vol. 2, Idara Kitabul Shifa, New Delhi, 2010, 165.
39. Mohammad A. H. Bustanul Mufradat, ( Reprint) Idarae Kitab-us Shifa, New Delhi YNM: 60.
40. Memudu, AE, Akinrinade ID, Ogundele, OM, Duru F. Investigation of the androgenic activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on histology of the testis of the adult Sparague Dawley rats. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2012; 3(11): 697-702.
41. Morakinyo AO, Adeniyi OS, Arikawe AP. Effect of Zingiber officinale on Reproductive Function in the Male rats. African Journal of biomedical research 2008; 329-334.
42. Nadkarni KM.Indian Plants and Drugs, Srishti Book Distributors, New Delhi, 2005, 418-419.
43. Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica. Vol: I, 3rd Ed., Bombay Popular Parkashan, Bombay; 1982.
44. Nooruddin MA. AlfazulAdvia, MatbaMustajai, Lahore, 1239H, 142.
45. Purohit SS, Vyas SP. Medicinal Plant Cultivation, A Scientific Approach. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, 2008, 553-558.
46. Prajapati ND, Purohit SS, Sharma AK, Kumar T. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, 2009, 552.
47. Phillips S, Ruggier R, Hutchinson SE. Zingiber officinale (Ginger)-an antiemetic for day case surgery. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 715-717
48. Raji Y, Udoh U S, Oluwadara O, Akinsomisoye O S, Awobajo O, Adeshoga K.Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic properties of the rhizome extract of Zingiberofficinale, Afr J Biomed. Res, 5, 2002, 121-124.
49. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. 2, NISCAIR and CDRI, New Delhi and Lucknow, 1999, 781.
50. Rafiquddin M. Kanzul Advia Mufarrada. Aligarh: Muslim University Press; 1985; 76-78.
51. Ross IA. Medicinal Plants of the World, Vol.3, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey,2005, 522, 539.
52. Said HM. Hamdard Pharmacopeia of Eastern Medicine, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1997, 416.
53. Saeid JM, Shanoon AK, Marbut MM. Effect of Zingiber officinale Aqueous extract on semen characteristic and some Blood plasm, Semen plasma parameters in the Broiler Breeder male. International journal of Poulutry Science 2011; 10 (8): 629-633.
54. Sala AV. Indian Medicinal Plants (a compendium of 500 species). Orient Longman Chennai: 2003.
55. Sharma R. Medicinal Plants of India-An Encyclopedia. Daya Publishing House: Delhi; 2003.
56. Siddaraju MN, Dharmesh SM. Inhibition of gastric H+, K+‐ATPase and Helicobacter pylori growth by phenolic antioxidants of Zingiber officinale. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2007; 51(3):324-32.
57. Vishwakarma SL, Pal SC, Kasture VS, KastureSB.Anxiolytic and Antiemetic activity of Zingiber officinale,Phytotherapy Research,16(7), 2002, 621-626.
58. Waring E. J. Pharmacopoeia of India, Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi, 2010, 228.
2. Anonymous. The Wealth of India. 1st Ed, Vol. XI, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resource, New Delhi, 2003, 89-100.
3. Anonymous. The Useful Plants of India, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resource, New Delhi, 2006, 701.
4. Anonymous. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 4th Ed, British Herbal Medical Association, 1996, 87.
5. Attar HZ. Ikhtiyarat e Badiyee, Matba Munshi Naval Kishore, Kanpur, 1888, 230.
6. Alyahya M.A, Rafatullah S, Mossa J.S., Aqeel A.M., Parmar N.S., and Tariq M. Gastroprotective activity of ginger Zingiber officinale Rosc, in Albino rats. American Journal of Chinese medicine 1989; Vol. XVII Nos 1-2: pp 51-56.
7. Auta KI, Galadiuma AA, Bassey JU, Olowoniyi OD, Moses OO and Yako AB. Antimicrobial properties of the ethanolic extracts of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas areuginosa. Annals of Biological Research 2011; 2 (3): 307-311.
8. Aghazadeh M, Bialvaei AZ, Aghazadeh M, Kabiri F, Saliani N, Yousefi M, Eslami H, Kafil HS. Survey of the Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Effects of Zingiber officinale (in vitro Study). Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2016; 9(2).
9. Baitar AAI. Al Jamiul Mufradat al Advia wal Aghzia, Vol. 1, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, 2000, 349-352.
10. Bentley R, Trimen H. Medicinal plants, 1st Ed, Vol. IV, Omsons Publications, New Delhi, 2002, 1446.
11. Bhattacharjee SK., Medicinal Herbs and Flowers: Aaavishkar Publishers Distributors, Jaipur; 2005.
12. Bordbar H, Esmaeilpour T, Dehghani F, Panjeshahin MR. Steriological Study of the effect of Ginger’s alcoholic extract on the testes in Busulfan induced infertility in rats. Iran Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2013; 11(6): 467-472.
13. Cupp M.J. Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology of Herbal Products, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2001, 123.
14. Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Nayar SL. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resource, New Delhi, 2002, 261
15. Dymock W, Warden CJH, Hooper D. Pharmacographia Indica, Vol. III, Sriishti Book Distributors, New Delhi, 2005, 420- 421.
16. Dyab AK, Yones DA, Ibraheim ZZ, Hassan TM. Anti-giardial therapeutic potential of dichloromethane extracts of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa in vitro and in vivo. Parasitologyresearch. 2016; 115(7): 2637-45.
17. Evans WC. Trease and Evans pharmacognosy, 15th Ed, Elsevier, 2008, 52.
18. Ghani N. Khazainul Advia, 1st Ed, Idara Kitabul Shifa, New Delhi, (YNM), 211-212.
19. Hakim MA. Bustanul Mufradat, IdaraTaraqqee, Urdu Publication, Lucknow, YNM, 56.
20. Hickok JT, Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Ryan JL. A phase II/III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for nausea caused by chemotherapy for cancer: a currently accruing URCC CCOP Cancer Control Study. Supportive cancer therapy. 2007; 4(4): 247-50.
21. Ibn e Hubal. Kitab al Mukhtarat fit Tib (Urdu Translation by CCRUM), Vol. 2, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of H & FW. Govt. of India, New Delhi, 2005, 126.
22. Ibn Seena SBA. Kitab al-qanoon fi al-tib (Urdu translation by Ghulam Hasnain Kantoori). New Delhi: Idarae Kitab us Shifa; YNM: 328.
23. Jian Ping MA, Xiao Ling JIN, Yang Li, Zhong Li LIU. Two New Diarylheptanoids from the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, Chinese Chemical Letters, 15(11), 2004, 1306-1308.
24. Joy PP, Thomas J, Mathew S, Skaria B P. (Ed.).Medicinal plants. Kerala agricultural university Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station; Ernakulum; 1980:210.
25. Kareem N. Makhzanul Advia, Vol.1, Matba Munshi Nawal Kishore, Kanpur, 1880, 126.
26. Kabeeruddin M. Makhzanal Mufradat. New Delhi: Ejaz Publishing House; YNM: 366-367.
27. Kabeeruddin M. Al Qarabadeen. 2nd ed. New Delhi: CCRUM; 2006; 32, 34, 86,1158
28. Kabeeruddin M. Ilmul Advia Nafeesi, Ajaz Publishing House, New Delhi, 2007, 114.
29. Khan MA. Muheet e Azam (Persian), Vol.1, Matba Nizami, Kanpur, 1313H, 129.
30. Khan S. Taleef e Sharifi, Matba Kishore, Darussalam, Delhi, 1280H, 17.
31. Khare CP. Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal plants. Germany: Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2004; 354-356.
32. Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants: an Illustrated Dictionary. Berlin: Heidelberg Springer; 2007; 733- 734.
33. Khori RN, Katrak NN. Materia Medica of India and their Therapeutics, Neeraj Publishing House New Delhi; 1985.
34. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Ed, Vol. 10, Oriental Enterprises, Uttaranchal, India, 2003, 3363-3367.
35. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy, 43th Edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2009, 11.103-11.105.
36. Kumar S. The Medicinal Plants of North- East India: Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur; 2002.
37. Momin HMM. Tohfa al Momineen (Persian), Nawal kishore, Lucknow, 1272 H, 136.
38. Majoosi AA. Kamil us Sana (Urdu Translation by Kantoori GH), Vol. 2, Idara Kitabul Shifa, New Delhi, 2010, 165.
39. Mohammad A. H. Bustanul Mufradat, ( Reprint) Idarae Kitab-us Shifa, New Delhi YNM: 60.
40. Memudu, AE, Akinrinade ID, Ogundele, OM, Duru F. Investigation of the androgenic activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on histology of the testis of the adult Sparague Dawley rats. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2012; 3(11): 697-702.
41. Morakinyo AO, Adeniyi OS, Arikawe AP. Effect of Zingiber officinale on Reproductive Function in the Male rats. African Journal of biomedical research 2008; 329-334.
42. Nadkarni KM.Indian Plants and Drugs, Srishti Book Distributors, New Delhi, 2005, 418-419.
43. Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica. Vol: I, 3rd Ed., Bombay Popular Parkashan, Bombay; 1982.
44. Nooruddin MA. AlfazulAdvia, MatbaMustajai, Lahore, 1239H, 142.
45. Purohit SS, Vyas SP. Medicinal Plant Cultivation, A Scientific Approach. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, 2008, 553-558.
46. Prajapati ND, Purohit SS, Sharma AK, Kumar T. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, 2009, 552.
47. Phillips S, Ruggier R, Hutchinson SE. Zingiber officinale (Ginger)-an antiemetic for day case surgery. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 715-717
48. Raji Y, Udoh U S, Oluwadara O, Akinsomisoye O S, Awobajo O, Adeshoga K.Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic properties of the rhizome extract of Zingiberofficinale, Afr J Biomed. Res, 5, 2002, 121-124.
49. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. 2, NISCAIR and CDRI, New Delhi and Lucknow, 1999, 781.
50. Rafiquddin M. Kanzul Advia Mufarrada. Aligarh: Muslim University Press; 1985; 76-78.
51. Ross IA. Medicinal Plants of the World, Vol.3, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey,2005, 522, 539.
52. Said HM. Hamdard Pharmacopeia of Eastern Medicine, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1997, 416.
53. Saeid JM, Shanoon AK, Marbut MM. Effect of Zingiber officinale Aqueous extract on semen characteristic and some Blood plasm, Semen plasma parameters in the Broiler Breeder male. International journal of Poulutry Science 2011; 10 (8): 629-633.
54. Sala AV. Indian Medicinal Plants (a compendium of 500 species). Orient Longman Chennai: 2003.
55. Sharma R. Medicinal Plants of India-An Encyclopedia. Daya Publishing House: Delhi; 2003.
56. Siddaraju MN, Dharmesh SM. Inhibition of gastric H+, K+‐ATPase and Helicobacter pylori growth by phenolic antioxidants of Zingiber officinale. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2007; 51(3):324-32.
57. Vishwakarma SL, Pal SC, Kasture VS, KastureSB.Anxiolytic and Antiemetic activity of Zingiber officinale,Phytotherapy Research,16(7), 2002, 621-626.
58. Waring E. J. Pharmacopoeia of India, Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi, 2010, 228.
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Bashir F, Afrin Z. Zanjabeel (Zingiber offcinale) Transformation of Culinary Spice to a multi-functional Medicine. JDDT [Internet]. 20Aug.2019 [cited 18Apr.2024];9(4-s):721-5. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/3299
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