Metal ions as antibacterial agents
Abstract
Metals like mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years. The use of metals in treatment was mentioned in Ebers Papyrus (1500BC); i.e, copper to decrease inflammation & iron to overcome anemia. Copper has been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the earliest solid antimicrobial material. Copper is used for the treatment of different E. coli, MRSA, Pseudomonas infections. Advantage of use of silver is it has low toxicity to human’s cells than bacteria.It is less susceptible to gram +ve bacteria than gram –bacteria due to its thicker cell wall. Zinc is found to be active against Streptococcus pneumonia, Campylobacter jejuni. Silver & zinc act against vibrio cholera & enterotoxic E. coli. The use of metals as antibacterial got reduce with discovery of antibiotics in twentieth century, immediately after that antibiotic resistance was seen due to transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by plasmids also known as Resistance Transfer Factors or R-factors. Metal complexes are used to show synergistic activity against bacteria’s like copper & chlorhexidine on dental plaque bacteria, silver nanoparticles & cephalexin against E. coli & S. aureus.
Keywords: Metals, Oligodynamic effect, Copper, Silver
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References
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2. Hobman JL, Crossman LC, Bacterial antimicrobial metal ion resistance, J Med Microbiol, 2015; 4:471-497.
3. Lemire JA, Harrison JJ, Turner RJ, Antimicrobial activity of metals: mechanisms, molecular targets and applications, Nat Review Microbiol, 2013; 11:371-384.
4. Wikipedia contributors, Oligodynamic effect, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Oct. 2017.
5. Wikipedia contributors, "Transition metal", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 5 May. 2018.
6. Dollwet H.A.H,Sorenson J.R.J, Historic uses of copper compounds in medicine, Trace Elements in Medicine, 1985; 2(2):80-87.
7. Konieczny J, Rdzawski Z, Antibacterial properties of copper and its alloys, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2012; 56(2):53-60.
8. Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M, Metallic copper as antimicrobial surface, Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2011; 77(5):1541-7
9. Borkow G, Gabbay J, Copper as biocidal tool, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2005; 12:2163-2175
10. Mathews, M. Hans, M. Solioz, Contact Killing of Bacteria on Copper Is Suppressed if Bacterial-Metal Contact Is Prevented and Is Induced on Iron by Copper Ions, Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2013; 79:2605.
11. Warnes S. L, Keevil C. W, Mechanism of Copper Surface Toxicity in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci following Wet or Dry Surface Contact, Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2011; 77:6049
12. Weaver L., Noyce J. O, Michels H. T, Keevil C. W, Potential action of copper surfaces on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Jounal of Applied Microbiology, 2010; 109:2200-5.
13. Espirito Santo C, Quaranta D, Grass G, Antimicrobial metallic copper surfaces kill Staphylococcus haemolyticus via membrane damage,Microbiology Open, 2012; 1:46.
14. Espirito Santo C, Taudte N, Nies D,Grass G , Contribution of copper ion resistance to survival of Escherichia coli on metallic copper surfaces, Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2008; 74:977-986
15. Zeiger M., Solioz M., Edongue H., Arzt E., Schneider A. S., Surface structure influences contact killing of bacteria by copper,MicrobiologyOpen,2014; 3:327 .
16. Mathews S.,Kumar R, Solioz M., Copper Reduction and Contact Killing of Bacteria by Iron Surfaces,Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2015; 81:6399
17. Xu F. F, Imlay J. A., Silver (I), mercury (II), cadmium (II), and zinc (II) target exposed enzymic iron-sulfur clusters when they toxify Escherichia coli, Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2012; 78:3614
18. Pearson R. G., Hard and soft acids and bases, HSAB, part 1: Fundamental principles, Jounal of Chemical Education, 1968; 45:581.
19. Jing H., Yu Z., Antibacterial properties and corrosion resistance of Cu and Ag/Cu porous materials, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2007; 33:87.
20. Reilly M. O, Jiang X., Beechinor J. T, Lynch S, Dheasuma C., C.Patterson J, Crean G. M., Dheasuna C. Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization,Applied Surface Science,1995; 52:911
21. Sunada K., Minoshima M., Hashimoto K, Highly efficient antiviral and antibacterial activities of solid-state cuprous compounds, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012: 235–236.
22. Borkow G., Gabbay J., Copper An Ancient Remedy Returning to Fight Microbial, Fungal and Viral Infections, Current Chemical Biology, 2009; 3:272-278.
23. Silvestry-Rodriguez N., Sicairos-Ruelas E.E., Gerba C.P., Bright K.R. "Silver as a Disinfectant." Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 2007; 191:23–45.
24. Solioz M,Odermatt A, "Copper and Silver Transport by CopB-ATPase in Membrane Vesicles of Enterococcus hirae", The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1995; 16:9217-9221
25. Davies R.L, Etris S.F, "The Development and Functions of Silver in Water Purification and Disease Control", Catalysis Today, 1997; 36:107–114.
26. Fox C.L, Modak S.M, "Mechanism of Silver Sulfadiazine Action on Burn Wound Infections", Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1974; 6:582-588.
27. Kawahara K., Tsuruda, K., Morishita, M., Uchida, M. "Antibacterial effect of silver-zeolite on oral bacteria under anaerobic conditions." Dental Materials, 2000; 16:452-455
28. Olson M.E., Harmon B.G., Kollef M.H. "Silver-Coated Endotracheal Tubes Associated With Reduced Bacterial Burden in the Lungs of Mechanically Ventilated Dogs." Chest, 2002; 121:863-870.
29. Wikipedia contributors. "Heavy metals." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 14 May. 2018.
30. Harrison J. J., Turne R. J, Chan C. S., Allan N. D., Vrionis H. A., Olson M. E., Ceri H, Copper and Quaternary Ammonium Cations Exert Synergistic Bactericidal and Antibiofilm Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2008; 52:2870-2881.
31. Kaneko Y, Thoendel M , Olakanmi O. , Britigan B. E, Singh P. K,The transition metal gallium disrupts Pseudomonas aeruginosa iron metabolism and has antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, J. Clin. Invest, 2007; 117:877-888.
32. Holland S. L., Ghosh S. V. Chromate-induced sulfur starvation and mRNA mistranslation in yeast are linked in a common mechanism of Cr toxicity, Toxicol inVitro, 2010; 24:1764-1767.
33. Dibrov P., Dzioba J., Gosink K. K, Hase C. C, Chemiosmotic Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activity of Ag+ in Vibrio cholera, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 2002; 46:2668-2670.
34. Warnes S. L., Highmore C. J., Keevi C. W, Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes on Abiotic Touch Surfaces: Implications for Public Health, mBio, 2002: 3
35. Rizzotto, M. Metal complexes as antimicrobial agents. In A Search for Antibacterial Agents,InTech Metal Complexes, 2012; 73-88.
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Mittapally S, Taranum R, Parveen S. Metal ions as antibacterial agents. JDDT [Internet]. 15Dec.2018 [cited 19May2024];8(6-s):411-9. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/2063
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