ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF SALIX AEGYPTIACA BARK EXTRACT ATTRIBUTE TO ITS ANTICANCER EFFICACY
Abstract
Salix aegyptiaca has been used traditionally from the ancient time for its beneficial effects. The protective action of this plant is not well understood so far. Oxidative stress and inflammation are generally linked with carcinogenesis. In the present study, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of hydroethanolic bark extract of Salix aegyptiaca have been studied. The results of DPPH assay indicated the free radical scavenging ability of the bark extract (2-20 µg/ml). The inhibition of ˙OH radical induced damage of pBR322 plasmid DNA by the extract (20 µg/ml) depicted its antioxidant property. This bark extract (5-800 µg/ml) exhibited the anti-inflammatory activity against heat induced protein denaturation. The medicinal property of S. aegyptiaca could be attributed to its free radicals scavenging ability and anti-inflammatory activity. Further, the extract (5-40 µg/ml) has shown anticancer activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. However, the underlying mechanisms related to its anticancer effect need to be explored.
Keywords: Salix aegyptiaca, antioxidants, inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i4.1786References
Christen Y, Oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000; 71(2):621S-9S.
Wu LL, Chiou CC, Chang PY, Wu JT, Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of oxidative stress to DNA and a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetics, Clinica Chimica Acta, 2004; 339(1-2):1-9.
Kehrer JP, Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury and disease, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1993; 23(1):21-48.
Inoue M, Sato EF, Nishikawa M, Park AM, Kira Y, Imada I, Utsumi K, Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species and its role in aerobic life, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2003; 10(23):2495-505.
Gallicchio R, Nardelli A, Mainenti P, Nappi A, Capacchione D, Simeon V, Sirignano C, Abbruzzi F, Barbato F, Landriscina M, Storto G, Therapeutic strategies in HCC: radiation modalities, BioMed Research International, 2016, 2016:1-11.
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012, International Journal of Cancer, 2015; 136(5):E359-86.
Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortetâ€Tieulent J, Jemal A, Global cancer statistics, 2012, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2015; 65(2):87-108.
Asgarpanah J, Phytopharmacology and medicinal properties of Salix aegyptiaca L, African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012; 11(28):7145-50.
Karimi I, Hayatgheybi H, Kamalak A, Pooyanmehr M, Marandi Y, Chemical composition and effect of an essential oil of Salix aegyptiaca L., Salicaceae,(musk willow) in hypercholesterolemic rabbit model, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2011; 21(3):407-14.
Bounaama A, Enayat S, Ceyhan MS, Moulahoum H, Djerdjouri B, Banerjee S, Ethanolic extract of bark from Salix aegyptiaca Ameliorates 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice by reducing oxidative stress, Nutrition and Cancer, 2016; 68(3):495-506.
Enayat S, Ceyhan MŞ, Başaran AA, Gürsel M, Banerjee S, Anticarcinogenic effects of the ethanolic extract of Salix aegyptiaca in colon cancer cells: involvement of Akt/PKB and MAPK pathways, Nutrition and Cancer, 2013; 65(7):1045-58.
Enayat S, Banerjee S, The ethanolic extract of bark from Salix aegyptiaca L. inhibits the metastatic potential and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cell lines, Nutrition and Cancer, 2014; 66(6):999-1008.
Yen GC, Chen HY, Antioxidant activity of various tea extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1995; 43(1):27-32.
Lee JC, Kim HR, Kim J, Jang YS, Antioxidant property of an ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002; 50(22):6490-6.
Ullah HA, Zaman S, Juhara F, Akter L, Tareq SM, Masum EH, Bhattacharjee R, Evaluation of antinociceptive, in-vivo & in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014; 14(1):346.
Burton JD, The MTT assay to evaluate chemosensitivity, Chemosensitivity, 2005; 1:69-78.
Nordberg J, Arner ES, Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2001; 31(11):1287-312.
Von Sonntag C, The chemical basis of radiation biology, International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine,1987; 52(6):221-294.
Asmus KD, Möckel H, Henglein A, Pulse radiolytic study of the site of hydroxyl radical attack on aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solution, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1973; 77(10):1218-21.
Kale RK, Post-irradiation free radical generation: evidence from the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2003; 41(2):105-11.
Enayat S, Banerjee S, Comparative antioxidant activity of extracts from leaves, bark and catkins of Salix aegyptiaca sp, Food Chemistry, 2009; 116(1):23-8.
Coussens LM, Werb Z, Inflammation and cancer, Nature, 2002; 19, 420(6917):860-867.
Eiró N, Vizoso FJ, Inflammation and cancer, World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 2012; 4(3):62.
Center MM, Jemal A, International trends in liver cancer incidence rates, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 2011; 20(11):2362-2368.
Published
PDF Downloads: 578
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).