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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

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Open Access  Full Text Article                                                                                                                                            Research Article

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Risk factors and prevention of Peptic Ulcer Disease Among Adults in a Selected Rural Areas of Udaipur

Dr. Vipin Kumar Pillai *

Principal, Udaipur College of Nursing, Umarda, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Article Info:

___________________________________________

Article History:

Received 02 April 2024  

Reviewed 08 May 2024  

Accepted 26 May 2024  

Published 15 June 2024  

___________________________________________

Cite this article as: 

Pillai VK, A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Risk factors and prevention of Peptic Ulcer Disease Among Adults in a Selected Rural Areas of Udaipur, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2024; 14(6):170-173

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i6.6768                             ___________________________________________

*Address for Correspondence:     

Dr. Vipin Kumar Pillai, Principal, Udaipur College of Nursing, Umarda, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Background and Objectives: Prevention of peptic ulcer disease is an important determinant of health over the course of life. The early years of life are a period of considerable opportunity for growth or vulnerability to harm. Therefore, it is of great importance that an adult should be aware about the risk factors and various ways to prevent peptic ulcer disease as possible This study aimed to assess the knowledge of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease among selected rural areas of Udaipur.

Method: A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. The study involved 50 adults with in a selected rural area at Udaipur. Data collection included pre-test and post-test assessments of knowledge, demographic surveys, and statistical analysis to evaluate knowledge changes and associations. The self-instructional module was distributed and covered the following areas like: Introduction, Definition, Causes, Risk factors & Prevention. The effectiveness was measured by comparing pre-test and post-test scores, and associations were analyzed using chi-square tests.

Results: The data revels that 60% of adult had inadequate knowledge, 24% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 16% had adequate knowledge in pre-test and that 68% had adequate knowledge 14% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 18% had inadequate knowledge in post-test. After the intervention, majority (34%) of adults had good knowledge level whereas during pre-test only (8%) of adults had good knowledge Before intervention the mean knowledge score was 20.22. After intervention, the mean knowledge score was increased to 22.37. Statistically there was a significant difference in the mean knowledge score before and after the intervention (t = 10.95*, df = 19, P<0.05). Hence the hypothesis, there will be a significant difference in the pre and post-test mean knowledge score after the intervention was accepted. The data concluded that, there was a significant increase in the mean knowledge score after intervention because of self-instructional module

Interpretation and Conclusion: The study revealed that the self-instructional module was effective in improving the knowledge regarding the prevention of peptic ulcers

Keywords: Peptic Ulcer Disease, Self-Instructional Module, Knowledge, Risk factor

 


 

INTRODUCTION

An “ulcer” is an open sore. The word “peptic” means that the cause of the problem is due to acid. Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin. It extends into the muscularis propria layer of the gastric epithelium. It usually occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum. It may involve the lower esophagus, distal duodenum, or jejunum. Epigastric pain usually occurs within 15-30 minutes following a meal in patients with a gastric ulcer; on the other hand, the pain with a duodenal ulcer tends to occur 2-3 hours after a meal. Today, testing for Helicobacter pylori is recommended in all patients with peptic ulcer disease. Endoscopy may be required in some patients to confirm the diagnosis, especially in those patients with sinister symptoms. Today, most patients can be managed with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) based triple-drug therapy. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease are variable and may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and bleeding or perforation with complicated disease. Identifying the risk factors and mechanisms that lead to the development of PUD helps to understand the approach behind diagnostic and treatment strategies.

The main risk factors for PUD are H. pylori and NSAID use, however not all individuals infected with H. pylori or taking NSAIDs develop PUD. Almost half of the world’s population is colonized by H. pylori.  The organism is usually acquired in childhood and persists until treated. Risk factors for acquiring the infection include a lower socioeconomic status and unsanitary conditions or crowding.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the pre and post-test level of knowledge of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease.

To evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer among adults.

To determine the association between the post-test knowledge level of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease with selected demographic variables.

ASSUMPTIONS

Adults may have some knowledge on risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease.

Education may enhance the knowledge of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease. Adults may act according to the information they perceive.

HYPOTHESES

H1: There will be significant difference between the mean pretest and post test knowledge scores of adults regarding the risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease.

H2: There will be significant association between the post test level of knowledge of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease with their selected socio- demographic variables.


 

 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 image

Figure-1: Schematic Presentation of Research Methodology


 

RESULT

Table 1: Frequency and Percentage distribution of Demographic Variables.

 

 

                                                        

N=50

 

 

 

 

S. No

Demographic variables

N

%

 

 

 

 

1.

Age

 

 

 

(a) 18 - 32 years

10

20.00

 

(b) 33 -47 years

14

28.00

 

(c) 48 - 60 years

13

26.00

 

(d). More than 60 yrs

13

26.00

2.

Sex

(a) Male

 

19

38.00

 

(b) Female

31

62.00

3.

Educational status

 

 

 

(a) No formal education

9

18.00

 

(b) Primary education

9

18.00

 

(c) Secondary education

16

32.00

 

(d). Graduate

16

32.00

 

 

 

 

4.

Occupation

 

 

 

(a) Daily wages

8

16.00

 

(b) Self employee

20

40.00

 

(c). Government employee

22

44.00

 

 

 

 

5.

Family monthly income (rupees)

 

 

 

(a) 10,000

11

22.00

 

(b) 20,000

20

40.00

 

(c). 30,000

12

24.00

 

(d).More than 30,000

7

14.00

 

 

 

 

6.

Dietary Pattern

 

 

 

(a). Regular

11

22.00

 

(b). Irregular

39

78.00

 

 

 

 

7.

Family  history  of     peptic  ulcer disease

 

 

 

a)

Yes

22

44.00

 

b)

No

28

56.00

 

 

 

 

8.

Personal Habit

08

16.00

 

a)

Cigarette smoking

 

10

20.00

 

b)

Drinking Alcohol

 

09

18.00

 

c)

Both

 

d)                              None of the above

31

46.00

 

 

 

 

9.

Source of information

 

 

 

(a). Books and Journals

12

24.00

 

(b). Friends and relatives

09

18.00

 

(c). Mass media

09

18.00

 

(d). Health personnel

20

40.00

 

 

 

 

 

Level of pre test & Post Test knowledge score of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease.

N=50

Level of Knowledge

 

Score

Pre-test

Post-test

Frequency (n)

Percentage (%)

Frequency (n)

Percentage (%)

Inadequate knowledge 

1-5

30

60.00

9

18.00

Moderate knowledge 

6-10

12

24.00

7

14.00

Adequate knowledge 

11-16

8

16.00

34

68.00

 

Area wise comparison of Mean, Standard Deviation and Mean Percentage of pre and post- test knowledge score of adults with peptic ulcer disease. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

           N =50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domain

 

Max.

Score

 

Pretest

 

 

 

Post test

 

MD

Paired ‘t’ value

P<0.05

df-19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mean

Mean %

SD

Mean

 

Mean %

 

SD

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk factors

 

13

20.22

44.89

7.97

22.37

 

31.87

 

6.9

13.02

10.952*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prevention

 

12

19.38

47.29

5.14

26.18

 

47.8

 

7.4

0.51

0.533NS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* Significant

NS- not significant

Table value- 1.729

 


 

RESULT

Pre- experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of self -instructional module on knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease among adults in a selected rural area, Udaipur. Convenient sampling techniques was used.

The percentage distribution of adults with peptic ulcer disease according to their age, higher percentage (28%) of adults were in age group of 33-47 years. 26% and 20% were in the group of 48-60 years and 18 - 32 years respectively. The percentage distribution of adults according to their sex, higher percentage (62%) adults were females, whereas 38% were males. The percentage distribution of adults according to their education, higher percentage (32%) adults were had secondary education and graduates, (18%) adults have got primary education and the same percentage of adults had no formal education. The percentage distribution of adults according to their occupation, 44% of adults were government employees and 40% of them were self employees, 16% of them were daily wages. The percentage distribution of adults according to their family income, The highest percentage (40%) of the adults had 20,000 rupees monthly income. 22% and 24% had 10,000 and 30,000 rupees income and 14% of adult’s family had more than 30,000 monthly income.

The percentage distribution of adults according to their dietary pattern, the highest percentage (78%) of the adults had irregular dietary pattern and remaining 22% only had regular pattern. The percentage distribution of adults according to previous source of information, the highest percentage (40%) of adults has got information from health personnel, 18% from friends, relatives and mass media and 24% got previous information from books and journals.

The data also reveals that 60% of adult had inadequate knowledge 24% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 16% had adequate knowledge in pretest and that 68% had adequate knowledge 14% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 18% had inadequate knowledge in post-test. After the intervention, majority (34%) of adults had good knowledge level whereas during pre-test only (8%) of adults had good knowledge.

Before intervention the mean knowledge score was 20.22. After intervention, the mean knowledge score was increased to 22.37. Statistically there was a significant difference in the mean knowledge score before and after the intervention (t = 10.95*, df = 19, P<0.05).

Hence the hypothesis, there will be a significant difference in the pre and post test mean knowledge score after the intervention was accepted. The data concluded that, there was a significant increase in the mean knowledge score after intervention. This could be because of self-instructional module. 

CONCLUSION

The study revealed that the self-instructional module was effective in improving the knowledge regarding the prevention of peptic ulcers

REFERENCES

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