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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

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Open Access  Full Text Article                                                                                                                                                     Review Article 

Ayurveda Review on Bandha Vidhi and Clinical Significance of Pichu, Plota, Kavalika and Vikeshika

Dr. Shailesh N Chovatia¹*, Dr. Neha Thumar²

1. Professor, HOD, Department of Rachana sharir, Shree O H Nazar Ayurved College, Surat, India
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Shalya tantra, shri O. H. Nazar Ayurved College, Surat, India

Introduction

Acharya Sushruta described Bandha (Bandage) as therapeutic measure for curing cuts, wounds and surgical conditions, etc. Bandha (Bandaging) can be done in different forms as depicted in Figure 1. 

Ayurveda advocated uses of many compounds for Bandhana purpose; these materials called Bandhana Dravya.

The common examples of bandaging materials are; Ksauma, Avika, Kauseya, Karpasa, Dukulaka, Patrorna, Cinapatta, Antarvalkala, Alabusakala, Tulaphala, Santanika and Rajju, etc ¹

Figure 1: Various approaches of bandaging in Ayurveda

Therapeutic Application of Bandhana:

• Bandhana used for Churnita (fracture causing small pieces) 
• Advocated forsasandhimoksha(dislocation) and Bhagna (Fracture) 
• Indicated for cuts and wounds
• Used in warts, topical infections and dressing purpose
• Post operative care, etc.

Contra-Indications of Bandhana:

• Pitta-raktadushti, vishnimitta, presence of oedema, burning sensatoin, Pak, pain, etc.
• Wound occurs due to the alkali or burning associated with fire.
• Kushtha patients, diabetic patient, rat poisoning
• Toxic wound & Mamsapaka, etc ^4-6.

Ayurveda further described Trividhabandha means three kinds of bandaging on the basis of strength of bandaging, these three types of bandaging are; Gadha, Sithila and Sama. Gadhameans tight bandaging, Sithila means loose bandaging which allows movement of air andthird one is Samabandha means moderate bandaging.

Gadhabandha done at the buttocks, abdomen, groins and thighregion. Samabandha should be done on the extremities, ears, face and chest. Sithilabandha can be done on the eyes and joints. The Bandha frequency also depends upon diseases condition,thediseases of Pitta origin the bandaging can be done twice in a day. The Kaphadisease requires bandaging once in three days and same for the diseases of Vata aggravation ^6-8. 

Pichu 

Pichu therapy involves utilization of medicated cloth fold over the affected area. It is a palliative measure used for the disorders caused by Vata imbalances. It can used for neck, hip, spine,chest, shoulder andknee, etc. Folded wool or cotton cloth dipped in medicated oils and placed over the affected area.The soaking capacity of Pichu provides delayed and long lasting effects of medicines over the affected area. Shiro Pichu is used for applying medicated oil over head to promote mental and physical wellbeing. Shiro Pichu offers soothing and healing effect thus provides mental relief. In Ayurveda Pichu mainly used for treating cuts, wounds and surgical dressing purpose.

Plota

Plota means medicated gauze used for infected and chronic wounds as well as for treating ulcers. The Plota mainly used as Ksharaplota (medicated gauze) which prepared from Snuhikshira, Apamargakshara and Haridra, etc. The single coating of these drugs mainly used in Plota to heal wounds and ulcers. 

Plota helps in draining and healing of wound, removes unhealthy tissue,the caustic action promotes healing, controls infection and provides aseptic condition to restrict microbialaction. Plota helps to separate debris and clean wound,gives anti-inflammatory effect and relieves pain. Plota after surgical intervention with Vedanahara and Raksoghana drugs helps to prevent microbial infections and improves healing of wound, ulcer and topical injury. 

Kavalika:

Kavalikais medicated tow which is soft stuffing or tow between the medicinesand applied over the affected part, such type of bandaging linen is called Kavalika. The Kavalika should be placed thickly over the affected area that after physician pressed it with his hand and firmly tie up the bandage considering patient comfort.

Vikeshika

Vikeshika is contact layer dressings, prepared by impregnating medicated Taila over 10 cm × 10 cm sterile gauzes. These impregnated gauzes first sterilized and packed. Vikeshika applied as a dressing over wounds after cleaning the affected area. It helps in surgical healing with minimal chances of complications. The Patoladivikeshika offers great relief in condition like burn injury and deep wound surgery ^8-10. 

Mode of action of Bandhana (Bandaging):

• The drugs used in bandaging offers Ksharan and Kshanan properties causes cauterizationof tissue.
• Krimighana action prevents microbial infection and control further deterioration of affected tissue.
• Ropana property of Bandhana drug provides Vrana Shodhana & Vrana Ropana effect. 
• Bandhana removes unhealthy tissue and helps in draining of pus and dead cells. 
• The alkaline nature of some drug used in Bandhana offers aseptic and antimicrobial actions thus prevent chance of secondary infection. 
• Drugs used in Bandhana provide moisturizing effect thus promote epidermal migration and enhancesformation of connective tissue for early healing. 
• The binding property of Bandhana retains surgical benefits and imparts delayed effects of medicaments.
• Bandhana causes debridement and scrapping of infected wound to promote natural healing process.
• Hemostatic, aseptic and antiseptic action of medications used in Bandhana helps in complete healing of chronic wound. 
• Sustained release action of medication in Bandhana enhances drug availability for longer duration of time thus provides prolong therapeutic relief. 

Conclusion

Bandha means bandaging which used for dressing purpose, post operative care and surgical management of injury. Ayurveda mentioned various modalities for Bandha(bandaging) purpose including Pichu, Kawalika, Plota and Vikeshika, etc. Bandhana used for fracture, dislocation, cuts, wounds, warts and ulcer, etc.This is dressing technique also applied as post operative care for improving healing and early recovery of patient. Bandha(bandaging)is simple and safe technique which offer advantage of minimal invasion and can be used for the effective management ofsurgical and para-surgical conditions. 

References

1. Kawiraj Ambikadutta Shastri, 2006, Susrutasamhita, Sutrasthana, [18/3], Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 
2. Kawiraj Ambikadutta Shastri, 2006, Susrutasamhita, Sutrasthana, [18/16] Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 
3. Kawiraj Ambikadutta Shastri, 2006, Susrutasamhita, Sutrasthana,[18/17] Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 
4. Vd.P. G. Aathvale, 1998, Dushtarth Ashtang Sangrah, Prathamkhand, Sutrathasn,[38/37-39] Dushtarthmlaprakashan, Nagpur. 
5. Kawiraj Ambikadutta Shastri, 2006, Susrutasamhita, Sutrasthana, [18/18], Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 
6. Achrya Priyavat Sharma, 2009, Dalhanachrya, Susrutasamhita, Sutrathasn, [18/19-20] ,Chaukhambaorientalia, Varanasi. 
7. Kawiraj Ambikadutta Shastri, 2006, Susrutasamhita, Sutrasthana, [18/19,20] Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 
8. Aacharya Priyavat Sharma, 2016, vd. Vijay Shankar Kale, Charak Samhita Chikitsasthanam [25/96],Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Delhi.
9. Susrutasamhita sutrasthan, vranalepanabandhana Vidhiadhyay eighteenth chapter.
10. Shalya Vigyan, Edition 2018, Dr. Aashish Parikh, Textbook of surgery, chapter [12], ChaukhambaSurbhartiprakashan, Varanasi.