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Majoon Halaila: A Potential Compound Formulation to Counter Premature Ageing-A Review

Assistant professor, Inamdar Unani medical college & Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India-585105

Article Info:

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Article History:

Received 23 February 2022

Reviewed 28 March 2022

Accepted 07 April 2022

Published 15 April 2022

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Cite this article as:

Eqbal F, Majoon Halaila: A Potential Compound Formulation to Counter Premature Ageing-A Review, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022; 12(2-s):178-184

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i2-s.5427

Abstract

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Majoon Halaila is polypharmaceutical preparation of Unani System of Medicine given particularly in old age to counter the effects of ageing such as greying of hair, decreased body strength, decreased memory power, weakness of heart etc. It is an electuary which is prepared especially for the people engaged in mental work. It is a compound of Halailajat with other ingredients prepared by the process of Ajin (mixing), in a semisolid form hence, renamed as Majoon Halaila. This compound formulation contains 10 ingredients that possess cardiac tonic, exhilarant, memory enhancer, brain tonic activities. It is being particularly used in age related dementia as well as to counter the effects of ageing in Unani system of Medicine.

Keywords: Majoon Halaila, Brain tonic, Memory enhancer, Anti-ageing, Unani Medicine

*Address for Correspondence:

Filza Eqbal, Assistant professor, Inamdar Unani medical college & Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India-585105

Unani System of medicine is one of the oldest systems of medicine that prevails till date with its efficient plant, animal and mineral resources derived drugs. Over 2500 years ago the father of medicine, Hippocrates was practising it, however his medicine included a great touch of ancient Egyptian medicine as well as important components of the ancient Mesopotamian traditions. The methods of treatment according to Unani System of Medicine is divided into four different parts namely Ilaj Bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj Bit Tadbeer (regimenal therapy), Ilaj Bid Dawa (pharmacotherapy) and Ilaj Bil Yad (surgery). Considering pharmacotherapy, both single and compound drugs are being prescribed. Among the compound drugs Majoon Halaila is being prescribed from centuries with great reputation. It is an electuary belonging to the class of polypharmaceutical preparations. Majoon Halaila is given particularly in old age to counter the effects of ageing. This electuary which is prepared especially for the people engaged in mental work and that too processed in a semisolid form hence, renamed as Majoon Halaila. According to different Unani Qarabadeen (pharmacopoeias) this compound preparation is used as stomach tonic, liver tonic, heart tonic and nervine tonics, appetizer, digestive and stomachic¹. In old age it is being given as a general tonic, in polyarthralgia and to improve age related dementia.

For making Majoon or any of its allied preparations, Qiwam (base) of different consistencies (tar) is generally made. It depends on the nature of ingredients to be used. The Qiwam is generally made by adding Aab (water), Araq (distillate) or Aab-e-amar (fruit juices), etc in any of the bases of purified honey, sugar, candy or jiggery etc and boiled over a low fire till it acquires a required consistency. The bases are generally purified by adding Aab-e-lemu (lemon juice), Satt-e-lemu (lemon extract), or Shibb-e-yamani (Alum) before making Qiwam. Afterwards the powdered ingredients are mixed in qiwam to prepare Majoon. Qiwam for majoon is of two tar (consistency). Majoon-e-halaila is made on the same principle while using water with sugar or honey as a base and boiled over low fire till Qiwam (consistency) of two tar is achieved².

Ingredients of Majoon Halaila are slightly varied in different Qarabadeen. In this review Majoon Halaila was prepared according to the formula given in Qarabadeen Azam³. The ingredients of Majoon Halaila are given in the Table 1.

Dosage and Administration: 10 gm Majoon Halaila should be taken orally at bed time for two months.

Majoon Halaila is well known compound formulation given in old age. Majoon Halaila is reported to be cardiac tonic, exhilarant ^2,4stomachic ^1,2 and cephalic tonic, memory enhancer ^1,2,4laxative, blood purifier, deobstruent, digestive, resolvent ^1,2,4and antiaging activities^1,3.Unani physicians recommendedit to prevent early ageing^2,5,6, and to delay ageing. ^7,8,9,10 Due to its anti-ageing activity, it is recommended for the promotion of health in elderly.

In classical Unani literature Majoon e halaila described as stomachic^1,2, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, appetite stimulant, digestive, cephalotonic^1,2, cardiotonic^1,2, laxative^1,2, anti ageing.^8,9,10It contains 10 ingredients. Their actions reported as kundur, filfil siyah, Zanjabeel and waj stimulate innate heat⁶⁴which is essential for Quwa to perform afa’al (functions). Halaila, balaila, sandal, gule surkh and waj by virtue of their mulattif property³¹liquifies the ghaleez madda by their moderate heat. Tukhme kasni, filfil siyah, zanjabeel, and gule surkh by their mufatteh sudud⁵⁶action break the akhlate luzuja in small pieces which can be evacuated from the body. Tukhme kasni and filfil siyah due to their mudire bol^30,56property and halaila, balaila, zanjabeel and gule surkh by their laxative action³⁰evacuate phlegm and atrabilious humour through bowel and bladder. Halaila, balaila, sandal, filfil siyah, zanjabeel and waj by their mushtahi property⁵⁶increases appetite. Halaila, kundur, tabasheer, sandal, tukhme kasni, filfil siyah, zanjabeel, gule surkh, and waj due to their muqawwie me’da^56,64muqawwie jigar³²and digestive action⁵⁶strengthen and improve the Quwwate Tabiya, thereby provide the substitute of tahleel. Halaila, kundur, tabasheer, sandal, tukhme kasni and gule surkh by their mufarrah wa muqawwie qalb³²action provide strength to the quwwate haiwania. Halaila, balaila, kundur, sandal, filfil siyah, zanjabeel and waj by their muqawwie dimagh³⁰property and muqawwie hafiza⁶⁴property strengthen quwwate nafsania. From the above discussion we can conclude that Majoon halaila stimulate innate heat, evacuate fazil and superflous matter, strengthen quwwate tabiya, haiwania and nafsania thereby regulate/improve the functions of the body thus increase life expectancy and improve quality of life.

Majoon Halaila appeared to be efficacious in the geriatric problems.These functions have been proved by scientific studies. However clinical trials or scientific studies are lacking on Majoone Halaila as a compound drug. In a clinical trial conducted in National Institute of Unani Medicine Hospital, Bangalore, 40 eligible subjects were selected and randomly assigned into two groups, 30 in test group and 10 in control group. Test group was administered with 10 gm of Majoone Halaila orally at bedtime for two months while control group was given placebo for the same period of time as that of test drug. Response was measured by the assessment of Appetite score, Weight, Grip strength score, Physical activity score, 6-CIT score on every 15^th day and complete haemogram, lipid profile, AIP, LVEF pre and post treatment.. Strongly Significant increase (p<0.001) was observed in Appetite score, Weight, Grip strength score, Physical activity score, Serum HDL, LVEF and suggestive significant increase in Haemoglobin (p<0.018), strongly significant decrease (p<0.001) was observed in Serum cholesterol, Serum triglycerides, Serum LDL, AIP, ESR, and in 6-CIT Score in test group with respect to control group. No adverse effects or toxicity has been reported during or after the trial

It can be said that Majoon Halaila can have a major impact on the patient and family’s well being and on the cost of long term care. . Therefore it appears to hold promise in promoting the general health and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality in elderly, thus increase the life expectancy and improve their quality of life. Thus we can conclude that Majoon halaila is safe and effective antiaging formulation and has encouraging potential in the health promotion of elderly people.

However more scientific studies and clinical trials are needed on this compound formulation to ensure its scientific validation for clinical use in patients in general and in elderly in particular.

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S.N	Name of drug	Botanical name	Quantity
1	Halaila Siyah	Terminalia chebula	2 dirham (7gm)
2	Balaila	Terminalia belerica	5 dirham (17.5gm)
3	Kundur	(Boswellia serrata)	5 dirham (17.5gm)
4	Tabasheer safaid	Bambusa arundinacea	5 dirham (17.5gm)
5	Sandal safaid	Santalum album	3 dirham (10.5gm)
6	Filfil siyah	Piper nigrum	2.5 dirham (8.75gm)
7	Zanjabeel	Zingiber officinale	1.5 dirham (5.25gm)
8	GulSurkh	Rosa damascene	1.5 dirham (5.25gn)
9	Waj	Acorus calamus	1.5 dirham (5.25gm)
10	Qand safed	Sugar	three times of total weight of all drugs

Drug with Botanical name	Parts used	Temperament	Functions/ Uses	Scientific studies
Terminalia chebula	fruit	Cold 1° Dry 2°	Memory enhancer,gastric tonic, exhilirant, cardiac tonic, eye tonic. It is used in the treatment of Dementia, Palpitation, joint pain, Anorexia, Hepatopathy, Splenopathy, General debility. It is also used to evacuate atrabilious humour.	Hypoglcaemic effect and hypolipidemic effect¹¹ Anti-oxidant effect ¹² Anti arthritic activity^13,14 Neuroprotective effect ¹⁵ Antigastritis effect ¹⁶ Hypourecemic effect¹⁷ improving gastrointestinal motility¹⁸ Cardiotonic activity^,19,20 Hepatoprotective effect ²¹
Terminalia belerica	Fruit^22,23bark^22,23seed²³stem²²	Cold 1° Dry 2°	Stomach tonic, Eye tonic, Brain tonic, Astringent, laxative,Demulcent, Memory tonic, Appetizer,Unripe fruit is purgative, while ripe fruit is astringent. It is beneficial in atony of stomach, Dyspepsia, weakness of stomach and intestines	Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity ²⁴ Antihypertensive Effect: ²⁵ Anti-Spasmodic and Bronchodilatory Properties:²⁶ Hepatoprotective activity²⁷ Anti-ulcer activity²⁸ Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic activity ²⁹
Boswellia serrata³⁰^{, 81}	essential oil³⁰ gum³¹ bark³² gum-resin³²	Hot 2° Wet 2°	Eliminates morbid material from vital pneuma and psychic pneuma, Cardiac tonic,Memory tonic, Carminative, Expectorant,Mild astringent, Digestive, Strengthens gum, resolvent, Atony of stomach, Palpitation, amnesia, Urinary incontinence, Cataract, Arthritis.In healthy people it is used for providing energy and strength.	Hepatoprotective effect in diebetic patients³³ Anti inflammatory effect ³⁴ Neuroprotective and antioxidant activity³⁵ Anti osteoarthritic activity ³⁶ Anti-convulsant Activity³⁷ Hypolipidemic Activity.^38,39 Hepatoprotective Activity:⁴⁰ Antigastritis activity⁴¹ Hypoglycemic Activity.⁴² Anti-Asthmatic Activity: ⁴³
Ba mbusa arundinacea^30,32	silicocious secretions from interior stalks or stems of female plant³⁰^,shoots, leaves, seeds, roots³⁰ articulations³⁰	Cold 2° Dry 3°⁴⁴	Astringent, Cardiotonic, Tonic for liver, strengthens teeth, Exhilarant, atony of stomach,	Antihyperlipidemic activity⁴⁵ Anti-hypertriglyceridemic and anti-hyperglycemic effect:⁴⁶ Silicon and mental health⁴⁷ Anti-oxidant activity:⁴⁸
Santalum album³⁰	Wood, volatile oil	Cold 3° Dry 2°	Cardiotonic exhilarantSedative, brain tonic,stomachic, intestinal tonic, memory enhancer, Strengthens gums, Appetizer, weakness of stomach, weakness of heart, Palpitation,weakness of brain, Gastritis, Hepatitis, Urinary diseases, Burning micturition	antipsychotic agent.⁴⁹ Antioxidant efficacy ⁴⁹ Antiinflammatory activity ⁵⁰ Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect⁵¹ Gastroprotective effect⁵² Hepatoprotective effect⁵³ Cardioprotective activity⁵⁴
Cichorium intybus³⁰	whole plant²²Seeds^,roots^,flowers³⁰ fruit⁵⁵	Cold 1° Dry 1°^,56,	Cardiotonic, Liver tonic, Stomachic, deobstruent, clears vitiated humours from stomach, Diuretic, Weakness of spleen, liver disorders, ascitis/dropsy, arthralgia, Gout	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity⁵⁷ Hepatoprotective activity; ⁵⁸ Nephro protective effect:⁵⁹ Anti diabetic activity⁶⁰ Hypolipidemic activity.⁶¹ Antioxidant effect ⁶²
Piper nigrum³⁰	Fruits^63,64oleo-resin⁶³	Hot 4° Dry 4°	resolvent, carminative, memory tonic,liver tonic, stomachic, appetizer, digestive, expectorant, aphrodisiac, Deobstruent, nervine tonic Weakness of nerves, Diseases of brain due to dominance of phlegm and atrabilious humour	Antidepressant activity of black pepper⁶⁵ Digestive activity of black pepper⁶⁶ Antioxidant activity of black pepper ⁶⁷ Anti-inflammatory activity of black pepper: ⁶⁸ Cardioprotective effect ⁶⁹ Hepatoprotective activity of black pepper: ⁷⁰ Neuroprotective activity⁷¹
Zingiber officinale³⁰	Rhizome³⁰	Dry ginger; Hot 3° Dry 2° Fresh ginger; Hot 3° Dry 1°	digestive, laxative, Stomach tonic, carminative, Memory tonic, cholagogue & melanogogue, It is used in old age and in condition of dominance of phlegm in the body. Dyspepsia, Nervine Disorders due to cold, Urinary Incontinence, Paralysis, Facial Palsy, numbness, catalepsy, spasm, Sciatica, Gout	Analgesic, Antiinﬂammatory and Hypoglycaemic effects⁷² Anti-atherosclerotic activity .⁷³ Anticholesterolemic activity⁷³ Anti osteoarthritic activity⁷⁵ Cholagogic effect ⁷⁶ Choleretic activity⁷⁶ CNS stimulating activity.⁷⁷ Digestive effects⁷⁸ Hypotensive activity⁷⁹ Thromboxane A2 inhibition⁸⁰ Hepatoprotective effect.⁸¹ Antioxidant effect^81,82 Cardiotonic activity⁸³ Cardivascular effect⁸⁴
Rosa damascena³⁰	flower petalsflower flower buds, stamens volatile oil, essential oil³⁰anther⁸⁵	Cold 1° Dry 2°⁸⁵ moderate⁸⁶ murakkabul quwa⁸⁷	Exhilrant and tonic to principal organs, stomach tonic, intestinal tonic, resolvent, sedative, deobstruent, strengthens teeth and gums, laxative, carminative	Anti-aging effects⁸⁸ Laxative effect⁸⁹ Effect on cardiovascular system⁹⁰ Antidiabetic activity ⁹¹ Anti hyperlipidemic effects⁹¹Go
Acorus Calamus³⁰	Dried rhizome⁶⁴	Hot 3° Dry 2°30,⁶⁴	Nervine tonic, clears vitiated humour from brain, (brain tonic, clears vitiated humour from stomach, aphrodisiac, Appetizer, Memory tonic, digestive, clears vitiated humour diseases of nervous system, diseases of spleen, weakness of digestive system, gout, urinary incontinence, cataract, amnesia, numbness, all illnesses due to cold. Continuous use of it provides hararat in nerves of people of colder temperament.⁶⁴ It is also used in numbness,atony,insanity,epilepsy,paralysis.⁹²	Anti‑diabetic Activity ⁹³ Insulin Sensitizing Activity: ⁹⁴ Antidepressant Activity:⁹⁵ Antioxidant Activity: ⁹⁶ Antihepatotoxic Activities⁹⁷ Antihypertensive Effect:⁹⁸ Anti-ischemic Heart Disease Activity:⁹⁹ Bronchodilatory Activity: ¹⁰⁰ Nephro protective effect¹⁰¹