Available online on 15.12.2021 at http://jddtonline.info

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Copyright  © 2021 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited

Open Access  Full Text Article                                                                                                                        Research Article 

Linkages of Leaves Moisture of Medical Plant (Senecio L.) and Elevation in Shan County

Bing-Hua Liao^1,2

1. Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Wood Plant, the Vital Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Hilly Areas, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Hilly Areas, Institute of chemistry and environmental engineering, Ping-ding-shan University, Ping-ding-shan City, 467000, China; 

2. Institute of life and science, Henan University, Kai-feng City, He-nan Province, 475004, China

Abbreviation: STEDS, the spatial-temporal-environmental-disturbance scales.

Introduction

Leaves moisture effects medical plants growth and plant sustainable evolution along elevation scale. Natural environmental and plantation factors often integrated effects of the human activities and acid rain on medicinal plant species by the research of process for deposition of thin films^1-3. But medicinal plant functional more traits may be finding through key physiological characters of antireflection coatings and ecological functional traits along elevation gradient^4-7. Using plant leaf oxide films technological tools^8-10, scientists explain that multilevel functional traits of medical species^11,12 and medical plant communities^13,14 by dynamic framework model¹⁵ for food chains¹⁶.  

For instance, dynamics of community's height¹⁷, tree community’s total trunk volume¹⁸, plant community’s tree individual number¹⁹, plant individual specie’s and plant communities’ crown volume^20,21 of medicinal plant (Sophora japonica) along elevation. Although limits to local agricultural landscape area for protecting more natural landscapes²² (e.g., grasslands, wetlands, water and forests) or some half natural landscapes (e.g., green ecological urban and beautiful green countryside) areas for sustainable medical plant species, but dynamics of total dry biomass²³, total fresh biomass²⁴, vegetation coverage²⁵, plant average height²⁶, roots cuticle biomass²⁷, leaf -stalk biomass²⁸, stems cuticle biomass²⁹, species pair’s co-dominance abundance dominancy³⁰, Important Value³¹ and moisture content³² of (Cremastra Appendiculata) also deeply research.

Therefore, it is a vital topic issues that the relationship between gene level and medical plant roots cuticle functional traits^33,34, as well as the dynamics of roots cuticle biomass³⁵, fresh roots biomass³⁶, stems cuticle biomass³⁷ associations with daily solar radiation for human cognitive³⁸ medical plant³⁹, especially, risk assessment and early warning mechanism (e.g., watersheds areas)^40,41. In short, herein explains linkages between leaves moisture of this plant and elevation.

Typical environmental condition, situation of typical vegetation and methods of research

Study area is local in three typical zones: firstly, evergreen vegetation of north subtropical zone; secondly, evergreen and deciduous coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of north subtropical and warm temperate transition; thirdly, deciduous vegetation of warm temperate zone in Earth. Thus, this area is local in evergreen and deciduous coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in north subtropical and warm temperate transition in Shan County of China at STEDS (Figure 1).

Figure 1: A Digital Cadaster Map of Typical Location in Shan County of China on Earth.

There is a long-time investigation links of medicinal plant species leaves moisture to elevation from 2005 to 2019. Investigation of “big data” included that leaves moisture of medicinal plant species or other eco-index of medicinal plant species along elevation gradient over STEDS^42,43.

So, there is the relation between leaves moisture of (Senecio L.) and elevation, as well as there is a series of six landscapes areas ecological adaptation of leaves moisture of this plant species by the “big data” of ecological investigation, qualitative analysis, and quantitative statistics, human cognitive ecological linguistic rules, scientific theories and ecosystem space planning methods.

Results and Analysis

Based on “big data” of plant investigation, this species is a widely distributed wide species along elevation from 500m to 1500m. A key species (Senecio L.) is a widely distributed along the different elevation from 500m to 1500m in Shan County of China. However, understanding the elevation effect on the linkage between leaves moisture of this plant species and elevation is very difficult, because key elevation influences plant biomass⁴³, bryophyte and lichen biomass⁴⁴, wood biomass⁴⁵, mushroom biomass and diversity biomass⁴⁶, production of medicinal plant species⁴⁷.

Applying the dynamics of “big data” investigation, this work suggested there are five rules:

Firstly, herein showed that it is not only the increasing of (Senecio L.) leaves moisture with the increasing of elevation from 500m to 1000m, as well as there are but also the decreasing of (Senecio L.) leaves moisture with increasing of elevation from 1000m to 1500m (Figure 3).

Table 1: Leaves Moisture of this Medical Plant Species Association with Elevation Gradient

Note: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Secondly, this study explained that there is a significant positive connection between (Senecio L.) leaves moisture and elevation from 500m to 1000m (P<0.01), as well as there is a significant negative connection between (Senecio L.) leaves moisture and elevation from 1000m to 1500m in Shan County of Henan Province of China over STEDS (P<0.01) (Table 1).

Thirdly, this research shows the best areas ecological adaptation of (Senecio L.) from 500m to 1500 in Shan County of China. Because there are results that there are not only different natural environmental factors, there are but also the dynamics of different elevation environmental factors from 500m to 1500m by the dynamics of leaves moisture of this medical species (Figure 1, 2).

Figure 2: Dynamics of (Senecio L.) Leaves Moisture along Elevation Gradient

Fourthly, this research proposed that the medicinal plant species (Senecio L.) is local in the six typical landscape types (forests, mixed between forests and grassland, mixed between forests and wetland, mixed between forests and river, mixed between forests and eco-urban, mixed between forests and countryside) by the “big data” of this plant leaves moisture investing along elevation, because there may be results that there are not only dynamics of natural environments, there are but also dynamics of climate environmental factors from 500m to 1500m along elevation gradient.

Figure 3: Total Structures of Medical Plant Species (Senecio L.) by Long-time Investigation

Fifthly, the typical medical plant species (Senecio L.) not only is a vital functional medicinal material of indications of treating to respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, dysentery and enteritis, but also it is belonging to Compositae families of Senecio races of Discotyledoneae in Angiospermae, especially, total structures of (Senecio L.) (Figure 3).

Thus, this research found a series of typical areas ecological adaptation of plant (Senecio L.) of indication of treating respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis, dysentery along elevation gradient, as well as there is linking of the medical plant species (Senecio L.) leaves moisture and elevation gradient in Shan County of Henan Province of China.

Discussion

The respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, dysentery and enteritis always influence public health, which often led human died. But understanding dynamics of medicinal plant species is very difficult issues, for instance, molecular dynamics⁴⁸, evolutionary dynamics⁴⁹ and indigenous medical plant⁵⁰. So, finding a vital multilevel functional medicinal plant (Senecio L.) of indications of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis and dysentery not only is a key value plant species, but also treating many people’s diseases or saving human. As such, it is a key ecological adaptation that (Senecio L.) were found from 500m to 1500m in Shan County of Henan Province of China. And this research suggested three linkages between leaves moisture of (Senecio L.) and elevation at STEDS:

1. This work showed that it is an increasing of (Senecio L.) leaves moisture with enhancing of elevation from 500m to 1000m; it is decreasing of (Senecio L.) leaves moisture with increasing of elevation from 1000m to 1500m (Figure 2). It is a significant positive connection between leaves moisture of (Senecio L.) and elevation from 500m to 1000m (P<0.01) as well as it is a significant negative connection between leaves moisture of (Senecio L.) and elevation from 1000m to 1500m along elevation gradient over STEDS in Shan County (P<0.01) (Table 1).

2. This research provides six landscape types (forests, mixed landscape between forests and grassland, mixed landscape between forests and wetland, mixed landscape between forests and river, mixed landscape between forest and eco-urban, mixed landscape between forests and green beatified countryside), as well as there is a series of ecological adaptation of landscape areas (for instance, the best areas ecological adaptation of (Senecio L.) from 500m to 1500m ) for finding this plant (Senecio L.) by the dynamics of (Senecio L.) leaves moisture along elevation gradient.

3. (Senecio L.) not only is a vital multilevel functional medicinal material of indications of treating to respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, dysentery and enteritis, but also it is belonging to Compositae families of Senecio races of Discotyledoneae in Angiospermae, as well as it is widely distributed wide specie by the “big data” investigation of (Smilax scobinicaulis) leaves moisture in Shan County of Henan Province of China (Figure 2, 3).

Indeed, better regional regulators and local government need better planning and regulation many medicinal plant species sustainability⁵¹ of ecosystems by researches on the key biomass of medicinal plants⁵² along elevation and environments with dynamics of plant diversity in the global, regional and landscapes natural ecosystem types with the ways “big data” investigation, scientific quantitative statistics⁵³ by landscape stability and sustainable medical plant diversity production⁵⁴. Local government planner will protects habitats of this medical plant species (Senecio L.) by the lands eco-restoration^55,56 and integrated strategy technology⁵⁷ for avoiding plant species loss⁵⁸ in six landscape areas of this medical ecological adaptation. Because of upgrading protected areas is a way with protection indigenous medical plant species⁵⁹ for future eco-socioeconomic services⁶⁰.

Conclusion 

This research has a vital theoretical and practical significance for the reasonable protection of (Senecio L.) along elevation gradient, because this plant species not only is an important widely distributed wide medicinal material pant by treating infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis and dysentery, but also is five rules by linking (Senecio L.) leaves moisture to elevation. Therefore, herein has theoretical-practical significance for the multi-functional values by linkages between medicinal plants (Senecio L.) leaves moisture and elevation along environs, then, the planner needs integrated conservation priority areas from investments in natural capital.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by A Grade of Key Disciplines of Environmental Science Foundation, B Grade of Key Disciplines of Mistrials Science of Ping-Ding-shan University in China; Science and Technology Department of He’nan Province Foundation (KJT-17202310242; 092102110165); Subprojects by Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES); and better ideas of researchers of “1st Biotechnology World Congress” in 2011, “2st Biotechnology World Congress” in 2012, “3st Biotechnology World Congress” in 2013 is appreciated.

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