The Drug Discovery Development for Treatment of Tuberculosis
Abstract
Since decades Tuberculosis (TB) has been a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity with more than one-third of the world population infected with latent TB. Recent fight with an age old disease continuously smack with a dawdling approach toward its treatment. In spite of extensive researches in this field for combating the disease we are lacking behind in race with its causing agent Microbacterium Tuberculosis. Multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis creates the worldwide open threat to human welfare. Thus there is a need of swift researches for its combat. Here in this review we are giving a brief description towards various chemical agents which have been used for its therapy and new families arrived as a potential drug candidate till date.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Extensively drug resistance (XDR), Directly Observed Treatment (DOTs), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Short-course, Nanoparticles, Drug delivery
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
. World Health Organization 2004. Fact sheet no. 104, revised March 2000 World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
. Nakata, K., Honda Y., Tanaka N., Weiden M., Keicho N., Kekkaku, 2000, 75, 547- 556.
. Williams, B. G., C. Dye, Science, 2003, 301, 1535-1537.
. Corbett, E. L., Watt C. J., Catherine J., Walker N., Maher D., Williams B. G., Raviglione M. C., Dye C., Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163, 1009-1021.
. Septkowitz A., Raffalli J., Riley L., Kiehn T. E., Armstrong D., Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1995, 180-199.
. World Health Organization. 2004. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. W.H.O. report 2004. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
. World Health Organization. 2004. Stop TB annual report. W.H.O. report W.H.O./ CDS /STB/ 2002.17. W.H.O. report 2004. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
. Davies P.D., Arch. Chest Dis., 1999, 54, 168-171.
. Gandy M., Zumbla A., Soc. Sci. Med., 2002, 55, 385-396.
. Blanchard J.S., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1996, 65, 215-239.
. Duncan K., Barry C. E. III, Curr Opin. Microbiol., 2004, 7, 1-6.
. Brennan P. J., Nikaido H., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995, 64, 29.
. Cole S. T., Brosch R., Parkhill J., Garnier T., Churcher C., et al, Nature, 1998, 393, 537; Erratum in Nature, 1998, 396, 190.
. Tomasz A., New. Eng. J. Med., 1994, 330, 1247.
. Mazodier P., Davies J., Annu. Rev. Genet., 1991, 25, 147.
. Courvalin P., J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1996, 37, 855.
. Webb V., Davies J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1993, 37, 2379.
. Center for disease Control, MMWR weekly, 2006, 55 (11): 301-305.
. Md J. F., Lancet, 2006, 368, 954-964.
. Marris E., Nature, 2006, 443, 131.
. World Health Organization, 2006, Fact sheet no., 10-21.
. McGregor S., Reuters, 2006, 9-17.
. Kaufmann S. H., Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2001, 1(1), 20–30.
. Fischer K., Scotet E., Niemeyer M., Koebernick H., Zerrahn J., Maillet S., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2004, 101(29), 10685–90.
. Kaufmann S.H., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1996, 93(6), 2272–2279.
. Maini R., St Clair E.W., Breedveld F., Furst D., Kalden J., Weisman M., et al. Lancet, 1999, 354(9194), 1932–9.
. Flynn C. J., J. Clin. Immunol., 2004,110(1), 2–12.
. Smith K.C., Starke J.R., Bacille Calmette-Gu´erin Vaccine. In: Plokin SA, Orenstein WA, editors. Vaccines. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004.
. Gilman, A. G., Pergamon Press, New York, 1990, 1061-1062.
. Goldberger M.J., Med. Clin. North Am., 1988, 72, 661-8.
. Iseman M.D., N. Engl. J. Med., 1993, 329, 784-91.
. Heym B., Alzari P. M., Honore N., Cole S. T., Mol. Microbiology, 1995, 15, 235- 245.
. Mdluli K., Slayden R.A., Zhu Y., Ramaswamy S., Pan X., Mead D., Crane DD, Musser J.M., Barry C.E .III., Science, 1998, 280, 1608-16110.
. Molecular genetics of bacteria: Genetics of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis, Chapter 15, 2000, 235.
. Youatt J., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1969, 99, 729.
. (a) Tsukamura M., Mizuno S., Kekkaku, 1962, 37, 29 (b) Tsukumara M., Tsukumara S., Nakano E., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1963, 87, 269.
. Wimpenny J. W., J. Gen. Microbiol., 1967, 47, 389.
. Bannerjee A., Dubnau E., Quemard A., Balasubramanian V., Um K. S., Wilson T., Collins D., Lisle G. de, Jacobs W. R., Science, 1994, 263, 227.
. Parneti F., Lancini G., Rifamycins. In: O’ Grady F, Lambert HP, Finch RG, Greenwood D, editors. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, 7th edition. Edinburg: Churchill Livingston, 1997, 453-459.
. Gale E.F., Cundliffe E., Reynolds P.E., Richmond M.H., Waring M.J., The Molecular Basic of Antibiotic Action , 2nd edition. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
. Levin M. E., Hatfull G. F., Mol. Microbiol., 1993, 8, 277.
. Saito H., Tomioka H., Sato K., Emori M., Yamane T., Yamashita K., Hosoe K., Hidaka T. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother., 1991, 35, 542-547.
. Blanchard J.S., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1996, 65, 215-239.
. Philips I., Shannon K.P., Aminoglycosides and Aminocyclitols. In: O’ Grady F, Lambert HP, Finch RG, Greenwood D, editors. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, 7th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1997, 164-210.
. “Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery: Therapeutic Agents”, ed. Wolff M. E., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1996, Vol.2.
. Finken M., Kirschner P., Meier A., Wrede A., Bottger E. C., Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 9, 1239.
. McCune R.M., Feldman F.M., Mc Dermott W., Microbial persistence II., J. Exp. Med., 1966, 123, 468-486.
. Konno K., Feldmann F.M., Mc Dermott W., Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 1967, 95, 461-469. Heifets L. B., Lindholm-Levy P. J., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1992, 145, 1223.
. Heifets L. B., Lindholm-Levy P. J., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1992, 145, 1223.
. Scorpio A., Lindholm-Levy P., Heifets L., Gilman R., Siddiqi S., Cynamon M., Zhang Y., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1997, 41, 540.
. Scorpio A., Zhang Y., Nat. Med., 1996, 2, 662.
. Rastogi N., Labrousse V., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 462-470.
.Inderlied C.B., Barbara-Burnham L., Wu M., Young L.S., Bermudez L.E.M., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1994, 38, 1838-1843.
. Mikusova K. Slayeden R.A., Besra G.S., Brennan P.J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1995, 39, 2484-2489.
. Belanger A. E., Besra G. S., Ford M. E., Mikusova K., Belisle J. T.,. Brennan P. J, Inamine J. M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1996, 93, 11919.
. Otten H., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 44, Berlin: Springer-Verlog, 1998, 158-166.
. Gale E..F, Cundliffe E., Reynolds P.E., Richmond M.H., Waring M.J. The Molecular Basic of Antibiotic Action , 2nd edition, London: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
. David H. L., Takayama K., Goldman D. S., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1969, 100, 579–581.
. Caceres N. E., Harris N. B., Wellehan J. F., Feng Z., Kapur V., Barletta R. G., J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 5046–5055.
. Chacon O., Feng Z., Harris N. B., Caceres N. E., Adams L. G., Barletta R. G. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2002, 46, 47–54.
. Feng Z., Barletta R. G., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2003, 47, 283–291.
. Baulard A. R., Betts J. C., Engohang-Ndong, J., Quan S., McAdam R. A., Brennan P. J., Locht C., Besra G. S., J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 28326–28331.
. DeBarber A. E., Mdluli K., Bosman M., Bekker L. G., Barry, C. E., 3rd. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2000, 97, 9677–9682.
. Vannelli T. A., Dykman A., Ortiz de Montellano P. R., J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 12824–12829.
. Qian L., Ortiz de Montellano P. R., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2006, 19, 443–449.
. Bieder A., Brunel P., Roquet-Ghaye J., Kries B. Rev. Fra. Etud., Clin. Biol. 1966,11, 419–423.
. Johnston J. P., Kane P. O., Kibby M. R., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1967, 19, 1–9.
. Grunert M., Iwainsky H., Arzneim. Forsch., 1967, 17, 411–415.
. Prema K., Gopinthan K. P., J. Indian Inst. Sci., 1976, 58, 16–27, Chem. Abstr., 84, 159454.
. Bonicke R., Beitr. Klin. Erforsch., Tuberk. Lungenkr., 1965, 132, 311–314.
. Offe H,A., In: Bartmann K, editor. Antituberculosis drugs, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 84. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988, 1-30.
. Trinka L, Misson P., In: Batmann K, editor. Antituberculosis drugs, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol.84. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988, 51-68.
. Brown K. A., Ratledge C., Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1975, 385, 207–220.
. Adilakshmi T., Ayling P. D., Ratledge C., J. Bacteriol., 2000, 182, 264–271.
. Ratledge C., Tuberculosis, 2004, 84, 110–130.
. Rengarajan J., Sassetti C. M., Naroditskaya V., Sloutsky A., Bloom B. R., Rubin E., J. Mol. Microbiol., 2004, 53, 275–282.
. Fre´nois F., Baulard A. R., Villeret, V., Tuberculosis, 2006, 86, 110–114.
. Fre´nois F., Engohang-Ndong, J., Locht C., Baulard A. R., Villeret, V., Mol. Cell, 2004, 16, 301–307.
. Ferrero L., Cameron B., Manse B., Lagneaux D., Crouzet J., Famechon A., Blanche, Mol. Microbiol., 1994, 13, 641.
. Miyazaki E., Miyazaki M., Chem J. M., Chaisson R. E., Bishai W. R., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 85.
. Cardenosa O., Soto-Hernandez J. L., Chemotherapy, 2000, 46, 379.
. Del’Alamo L., Sampaio J., Miranda E. A., Sader H. S., Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 1999, 3, 215.
. Gillepsie S. H., Billington O., J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1999, 44, 393.
. Baohong J. I., Lounis N., Maslo C., Truffot-Pernot C., Bonnafous P., Grosset J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998, 42, 2066.
. Woodcock J. M., Andrews J. M., Boswell F. J., Brenwald N. P., Wise R., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1997, 41, 101.
. Adams, L. B., Sinha, I., Franzblau, G. S., Krahenbuhl J.L., Mehta R. T., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 1638–1643.
. Oliva B., O’Neill A. J., Miller K., Stubbings W., Chopra I. J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2004, 53, 435–440.
. Field S.K., Cowie R.L., Chest, 2003, 124(4), 1482-1786.
. Reddy V.M., Srinivasan S., Gangadharam P.R., Tuber. Lung Dis., 1994, 75(3), 208-212.
. Reddy V.M., Nadadhur G., Daneluzzi D., O’ Sullivan J.F., Gangadharam P.R., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1996, 40(3), 633-636.
. Watt B., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1997, 39, 567-574.
. Bryskier A., Butzler J.P., Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, 7th edition, 1997, 377-393.
. Casal M., Guitierezz J., Gonzalez J., Ruiz P., Tubercle, 1987, 68, 141-143.
. Brown B.A., Wallace R.J., Onyi G.O., De R. V., Wallace R.J., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1992, 36, 180-184.
. Rastogi N., Goh K.S., Bryskier A., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1993, 37, 1560-1562.
. Heifets L.B., Tuber. Lung Dis., 1996, 77, 19-26.
. Bottger E.C., Trends Microbio., 1994, 2, 416-421.
. Rodriguez A. D., Ramirez C., Rodriguez I. I., Gonzalez E., Org. Lett., 1999, 1, 527.
. Rodriguez A. D., Ramirez C., J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64, 100.
. Rodriguez A. D., Ramirez C., Rodriguez I. I., Barnes C. L., J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 1390.
. Roy B. N., Karnik M. A., Shankaran R., J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 2002, 79, 320-335.
. Biedenbach D. J., Sutton L. D., Jones R. N., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1995, 39, 2325-2330.
. Zhao B. Y., Pine R., Domagala J., Drlica K., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 661-666.
. McKee T.C. et al, J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61(10), 1252-1256.
. Pharma-Transfer, 2000, pub.4/4, Abstract ID infepta59-190400.htm(http:/www.pharma-transfer.com/pharmat/welcome).
. Currens M.J. et al, J. of Pharmacol. & Exp. Ther., 1996, 279(2), 645-651.
. Dharmaratne H.R. et al, Planta Medica, 1998, 64(5), 460-461.
. Galinis D.L. et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39(22), 4507-4510.
. Xu Z-Q, Lin Y-M, Flavin M., Pat.WO 200021514-A2.
. Spino C., Dodier M., Sotheeswaran S., Bioorg. Med. Chem.. Lett., 1998, 8(24),3475-3478.
. Personal Communications, Sarawak Medichem Pharmaceuticals representative to Drs T. Imamura and C. Morel.
. Ashtekar D.R. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1993, 37(2), 183-186.
. R & D Focus, update date19970310.
. Jagannath C., Emanuele M.R., Hunter R.L., Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother., 1999, 43(12), 2898-2903.
. Personal communications, CytRx Corporation representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Diekema D.J., Jones R.N., Drugs, 2000, 59(1), 7-16.
. Corti G., Cinelli R., Paradisi F., International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2000, 16(4), 527-530.
. Zurenko G.E., Yagi B. H., Allison J. W. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1996, 40, 839-845.
. Swaney S. M., Ayoki H., Ganoza C., Shinabarger D. L., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998, 42, 3251-3255.
. Exp. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 1999, 8, 1195-1202.
. Aoki H., Ke L., Poppe S. M. et al, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2002, 46, 1080-1085.
. Colca J. R., McDonald W. G., Waldon D. J., et al , J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 21972-21979.
. Hutchinson D. K., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2003, 3, 1021-1042.
. Nilius A. M., Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2003, 4, 149-155.
. Barbachyn M.R. et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39(3), 680-656.
. Cyanamon M.H. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 39(3), 1189- 1191.
. Reddy V.M., Nadadhur G., Daneluzzi D., O’ Sullivan J. F. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1996, 40(3), 633-636.
. R & D Focus, update date 1995/02/27.
. Sun Z., Zhang Y., Tubercle and Lung disease, 1999, 79(5), 319-320.
. Groll A.H., Walsh T.J., Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 1997, 10, 449-458.
. Cruthers L.R., Linenheimer W.H., Maplesden D.C., Am. J. of Vet. Res., 1979, 40(5), 676-678.
. Dickinson J.M., Mitchison D.A., Tubercle, 1987, 68, 177-182.
. Dickinson J.M., Mitchison D.A., Tubercle, 1987, 68, 183-193.
. R & D Focus, update date 1997/01/27
.Williams A, Hall Y, Orme IM. Evaluation of new vaccines for tuberculosis in the guinea pig model. Tuberculosis 2009;89:389–397.
. Barman Balfour J.A., Lamb H.M., Drugs, 2000, 59(1), 115-139.
. Reported by Pireh D., ID Weekly Highlights, 2000, October, 32-33.
. Ji B., Lounis N., Maslo C. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1998, 42(8), 2066-2069.
. Miyazaki E., Miyazaki M., Chen J. M. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(1), 85-89.
. Sullivan J.T. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(11), 2793-2797.
. Nakashima M. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1995, 39(1), 170-174.
. Personal communication, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Milatovic D. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(4), 1102-1107.
. Milatovic D. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(4), 1102-1107.
. Tomioka H. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(12), 3001-3004.
. Saito H. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1994, 38(12), 2877-2882.
. Houston A.K., Jones R.N., Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 1994, 18(1), 57-59.
. ID Weekly Highlights, August 2000, 43.
. R & D Focus, update date, 20000207.
. Allen A. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(6), 1604-1608.
. Ruiz-Serrano M.J. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(9), 2567-2568.
. Takhata M. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(5), 1077-1084.
. Personal communication, Toyoma representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Bruzzese T. et al, Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2000, 50(1), 60-71.
. Strippoli V. et al, Il, Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 1988, 43(7-8), 619-625.
. Potkar C. et al, Chemotherapy, 1999, 45(3), 147-153.
. Kelkar M.S. et al, International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research, 1998, 18(3), 137-143.
. Personal communication, SPA representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Saito H., Tomioka H., Sato K., Emori M., Yamane T., Yamashita K., Hosoe K., Hidaka T., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1991, 35, 542-547.
. Robin P.M., Reznik T., Kutlin A., Hammerschlag M.R., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2003, 47(3), 1135-1136.
. Tomioka H., J. Infect. Chemother., 2000, 6(1), 8-20.
. (a) Dhople A.M., Arzeimittelforschung, 2001, 51(6), 501-505. (b) Dhople A.M., Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2001, 17(1) 57-61. (c) Tomioka H., Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz), 2000, 48(3), 183-188.
. Yamane T. et al, Chem. and Pharm. Bull., Tokyo, 1993, 41(1), 148-155.
. Hidaka T., Kekkaku, 1999, 74(1), 53-61.
. R & D Focus, update date 19990315.
. Personal communication, Kaneka representation to Dr. T. Imamura
. Ehlers S. et al, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, 1996, 284(2-3), 218-2131.
. R & D Focus, update date 1999/08/16.
. Whitehead T.C. et al, Europeon Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1998, 17(11), 794-797.
. Held H. R., Landi S., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1980, 69(11), 1284-1287.
. Peloquin C. A. et al, Pharmacotherapy, 1994, 14(4), 415-23.
. R & D focus, update date 1994/09/05.
. Dlugovitzky D. et al, Respiratory Medicine, 1999, 93(8), 557-562.
. R & D Focus, update date 2000/04/10.
. Andries K., Verhasselt et al, Science, 2005, 307, 223-227.
. Cole, S. T. Alzari, P. M., Science, 2005, 307, 214-21.
. (a) Chauhan L. S., Arora V. K., Indiand. Pediatr., 2004, 41(9), 901-905 (b) Smart et al, Abstr. No. 106, 13th conference on Retroviruses & Opportunistic Infections (CROI), Denver, Co, 5-8 Feb. 2006.
. Stover C.K. et al, Nature, 2000, 405(6789), 962-966
. Manjunatha U. H., Boshoff H., Dowd C. S., Zhang L., Albert T. J., Norton J. E.,Daniels L., Dick T., Pang S. S., Barry C. E., 3rd. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006,
103, 431–436.
. Matsumoto M, Hashizume H, Tomishige T, Kawasaki M, Tsubouchi H, Sasaki H, Shimokawa Y, Komatsu M. OPC67683, a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative with promising action against tuberculosis in vitro and in mice. PLoS Med 2006;3:2131–2144. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00401271.
. Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of OPC-67683 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 2007
. A placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial to evaluate OPC 67683 in patients with pulmonary sputum culture-positive, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). 2011 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00685360
. Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) in multidrug-resistant (MDR) refractive tuberculosis. 2011, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01131351.
. Rustomjee R, Diacon AH, Allen J, Venter A, Reddy C, Patientia RF, Mthiyane TC, De Marez T, Heeswijk R,KerstensR,Koul A, De BeuleK, Donald PR, McNeeleyDF. Early bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of the diarylquinoline TMC207 in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:2831–2835.
. Dhillon J, Andries K, Phillips PPJ, Mitchison DA. Bactericidal activity of the diarylquinoline TMC207 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis outside and within cells. Tuberculosis 2010;90: 301– 305.
. De Souza MVN, Vasconcelos TRA, de AlmeidaMV,Cardoso SH. Fluoroquinolones:Animportant class of antibiotics against tuberculosis. Curr Med Chem 2006;13: 455–463.
. Mitchison, D. A., Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 863-865
. Mitchison, D. A., Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 10-15.
. Mitchison, D. A., Tubercle, 1985, 66, 219-225.
. Farmer P., Bayona J., Becerra M., Furin J., Henry C. Hiatt, H.,Kim, J. Y., Mitnick C., Nardell E., Shin S., Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 869-876.
. Pablos-Mendez A., Raviglione M. C., Laszlo A., Binkin N., Rieder H. L., Bustreo F.,
Cohn D. L., Lambregts-Van Weezenbeek, C. S., Kim, S. J., Chaulet, P.,Nunn, P. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 338, 1641-1649.
. Chan-Tack, K. M., N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 339, 1079, discussion 1080.
. (a) Sharma A.K., Khuller G.K., DNA vaccines: Immunol. Cell. Biol., 2110, 79(6) 537-546. (b) Loddenkemper R., Sagebiel D., Brendel A., Eur. Respir. J., 2002, 36(Suppl.) 66-77.
. Deretic V., Fratti R.A., Mol. Microbiol., 1999, 31(6), 1603–1609.
. Russell D.G., J. Vet. Med. Educ., 2003, 30, 140–142
. Roth A., Schaberg T., Mauch H., Eur. Respir. J., 1997, 10(8), 877-891.
. Srivastava, N., Anil Kumar, K. S., Sinha, S., Srivastava, R., and Dikshit D.K., Anti-Infective Agents, 2012, 10, 6-14.
. Freire Marie C., Global Forum update on Research for Health, Volume 2, 171-173.
. Tripathi, R. P., Tiwari, V. K., Tiwari, N., Katiyar, D., Saxena, N., Sinha, S., Gaikwad, A., Srivastava, A., Chaturvedi, V., Manju, Y. K., Srivastava R., and Srivastava. B. S., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 13 (2005) 5668–5679.
. Tripathi, R. P., Saxena, N., Tiwari, V. K., Verma, S. S., Chaturvedi, V., Manju, Y. K., Srivastava, A. K., Gaikwad A., and Sinha. S., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14 (2006) 8186–8196.
. Laurenzi, M., Ginsberg, A., Spigelman, M., Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, 2007, 7, 105-119.
. Anand, N., Upadhyaya, K., Tripathi, R. P., Chemistry & Biology Interface, 2015, 5, 2, 84-127
. Pandey R., Khuller GK., J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2004, 54, 266-268.
. Gelperina S., Kisich K., Iseman MD. et al. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005, 172, 1487-1490.
. Pandey R., Zahoor A, Sharma S. et al. Tuberculosis (Edinb.) 2003, 83, 373-378.
. Nuermberger EL., Spigelman MK., Yew WW., Respirology., 2010 15, 764-778.
. Anisimova YV., Gelperina S., Peloquin C. et al. J. Nanoparticle Res., 2000, 2, 165- 171.
. Barrow EL., Winchester GA., Staas JK. et al. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998, 42, 2682-2689.
. Fawaz F., Bonini F., Maugein J., et al., Int. J. Pharm., 1998, 168, 255-259.
. Grosset J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2003, 47, 833-836.
. Pandey R., Khuller GK., J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2005, 55, 430-435.
. Fiegel J., Garcia-Contreras L., Thomas M. et al. Pharm. Res., 2008, 25, 805-811.
. Garcia-Contreras L., Sung JC., Muttil P,. et al. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2010, 54, 1436-1442.
. Garcia-Contreras L., Fiegel J., Telko MJ., et al.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007, 51, 2830-2836.
. Nakata, K., Honda Y., Tanaka N., Weiden M., Keicho N., Kekkaku, 2000, 75, 547- 556.
. Williams, B. G., C. Dye, Science, 2003, 301, 1535-1537.
. Corbett, E. L., Watt C. J., Catherine J., Walker N., Maher D., Williams B. G., Raviglione M. C., Dye C., Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163, 1009-1021.
. Septkowitz A., Raffalli J., Riley L., Kiehn T. E., Armstrong D., Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1995, 180-199.
. World Health Organization. 2004. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. W.H.O. report 2004. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
. World Health Organization. 2004. Stop TB annual report. W.H.O. report W.H.O./ CDS /STB/ 2002.17. W.H.O. report 2004. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
. Davies P.D., Arch. Chest Dis., 1999, 54, 168-171.
. Gandy M., Zumbla A., Soc. Sci. Med., 2002, 55, 385-396.
. Blanchard J.S., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1996, 65, 215-239.
. Duncan K., Barry C. E. III, Curr Opin. Microbiol., 2004, 7, 1-6.
. Brennan P. J., Nikaido H., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995, 64, 29.
. Cole S. T., Brosch R., Parkhill J., Garnier T., Churcher C., et al, Nature, 1998, 393, 537; Erratum in Nature, 1998, 396, 190.
. Tomasz A., New. Eng. J. Med., 1994, 330, 1247.
. Mazodier P., Davies J., Annu. Rev. Genet., 1991, 25, 147.
. Courvalin P., J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1996, 37, 855.
. Webb V., Davies J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1993, 37, 2379.
. Center for disease Control, MMWR weekly, 2006, 55 (11): 301-305.
. Md J. F., Lancet, 2006, 368, 954-964.
. Marris E., Nature, 2006, 443, 131.
. World Health Organization, 2006, Fact sheet no., 10-21.
. McGregor S., Reuters, 2006, 9-17.
. Kaufmann S. H., Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2001, 1(1), 20–30.
. Fischer K., Scotet E., Niemeyer M., Koebernick H., Zerrahn J., Maillet S., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2004, 101(29), 10685–90.
. Kaufmann S.H., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1996, 93(6), 2272–2279.
. Maini R., St Clair E.W., Breedveld F., Furst D., Kalden J., Weisman M., et al. Lancet, 1999, 354(9194), 1932–9.
. Flynn C. J., J. Clin. Immunol., 2004,110(1), 2–12.
. Smith K.C., Starke J.R., Bacille Calmette-Gu´erin Vaccine. In: Plokin SA, Orenstein WA, editors. Vaccines. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004.
. Gilman, A. G., Pergamon Press, New York, 1990, 1061-1062.
. Goldberger M.J., Med. Clin. North Am., 1988, 72, 661-8.
. Iseman M.D., N. Engl. J. Med., 1993, 329, 784-91.
. Heym B., Alzari P. M., Honore N., Cole S. T., Mol. Microbiology, 1995, 15, 235- 245.
. Mdluli K., Slayden R.A., Zhu Y., Ramaswamy S., Pan X., Mead D., Crane DD, Musser J.M., Barry C.E .III., Science, 1998, 280, 1608-16110.
. Molecular genetics of bacteria: Genetics of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis, Chapter 15, 2000, 235.
. Youatt J., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1969, 99, 729.
. (a) Tsukamura M., Mizuno S., Kekkaku, 1962, 37, 29 (b) Tsukumara M., Tsukumara S., Nakano E., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1963, 87, 269.
. Wimpenny J. W., J. Gen. Microbiol., 1967, 47, 389.
. Bannerjee A., Dubnau E., Quemard A., Balasubramanian V., Um K. S., Wilson T., Collins D., Lisle G. de, Jacobs W. R., Science, 1994, 263, 227.
. Parneti F., Lancini G., Rifamycins. In: O’ Grady F, Lambert HP, Finch RG, Greenwood D, editors. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, 7th edition. Edinburg: Churchill Livingston, 1997, 453-459.
. Gale E.F., Cundliffe E., Reynolds P.E., Richmond M.H., Waring M.J., The Molecular Basic of Antibiotic Action , 2nd edition. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
. Levin M. E., Hatfull G. F., Mol. Microbiol., 1993, 8, 277.
. Saito H., Tomioka H., Sato K., Emori M., Yamane T., Yamashita K., Hosoe K., Hidaka T. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother., 1991, 35, 542-547.
. Blanchard J.S., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1996, 65, 215-239.
. Philips I., Shannon K.P., Aminoglycosides and Aminocyclitols. In: O’ Grady F, Lambert HP, Finch RG, Greenwood D, editors. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, 7th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1997, 164-210.
. “Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery: Therapeutic Agents”, ed. Wolff M. E., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1996, Vol.2.
. Finken M., Kirschner P., Meier A., Wrede A., Bottger E. C., Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 9, 1239.
. McCune R.M., Feldman F.M., Mc Dermott W., Microbial persistence II., J. Exp. Med., 1966, 123, 468-486.
. Konno K., Feldmann F.M., Mc Dermott W., Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 1967, 95, 461-469. Heifets L. B., Lindholm-Levy P. J., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1992, 145, 1223.
. Heifets L. B., Lindholm-Levy P. J., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1992, 145, 1223.
. Scorpio A., Lindholm-Levy P., Heifets L., Gilman R., Siddiqi S., Cynamon M., Zhang Y., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1997, 41, 540.
. Scorpio A., Zhang Y., Nat. Med., 1996, 2, 662.
. Rastogi N., Labrousse V., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 462-470.
.Inderlied C.B., Barbara-Burnham L., Wu M., Young L.S., Bermudez L.E.M., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1994, 38, 1838-1843.
. Mikusova K. Slayeden R.A., Besra G.S., Brennan P.J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1995, 39, 2484-2489.
. Belanger A. E., Besra G. S., Ford M. E., Mikusova K., Belisle J. T.,. Brennan P. J, Inamine J. M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1996, 93, 11919.
. Otten H., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 44, Berlin: Springer-Verlog, 1998, 158-166.
. Gale E..F, Cundliffe E., Reynolds P.E., Richmond M.H., Waring M.J. The Molecular Basic of Antibiotic Action , 2nd edition, London: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
. David H. L., Takayama K., Goldman D. S., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1969, 100, 579–581.
. Caceres N. E., Harris N. B., Wellehan J. F., Feng Z., Kapur V., Barletta R. G., J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 5046–5055.
. Chacon O., Feng Z., Harris N. B., Caceres N. E., Adams L. G., Barletta R. G. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2002, 46, 47–54.
. Feng Z., Barletta R. G., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2003, 47, 283–291.
. Baulard A. R., Betts J. C., Engohang-Ndong, J., Quan S., McAdam R. A., Brennan P. J., Locht C., Besra G. S., J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 28326–28331.
. DeBarber A. E., Mdluli K., Bosman M., Bekker L. G., Barry, C. E., 3rd. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2000, 97, 9677–9682.
. Vannelli T. A., Dykman A., Ortiz de Montellano P. R., J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 12824–12829.
. Qian L., Ortiz de Montellano P. R., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2006, 19, 443–449.
. Bieder A., Brunel P., Roquet-Ghaye J., Kries B. Rev. Fra. Etud., Clin. Biol. 1966,11, 419–423.
. Johnston J. P., Kane P. O., Kibby M. R., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1967, 19, 1–9.
. Grunert M., Iwainsky H., Arzneim. Forsch., 1967, 17, 411–415.
. Prema K., Gopinthan K. P., J. Indian Inst. Sci., 1976, 58, 16–27, Chem. Abstr., 84, 159454.
. Bonicke R., Beitr. Klin. Erforsch., Tuberk. Lungenkr., 1965, 132, 311–314.
. Offe H,A., In: Bartmann K, editor. Antituberculosis drugs, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 84. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988, 1-30.
. Trinka L, Misson P., In: Batmann K, editor. Antituberculosis drugs, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol.84. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988, 51-68.
. Brown K. A., Ratledge C., Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1975, 385, 207–220.
. Adilakshmi T., Ayling P. D., Ratledge C., J. Bacteriol., 2000, 182, 264–271.
. Ratledge C., Tuberculosis, 2004, 84, 110–130.
. Rengarajan J., Sassetti C. M., Naroditskaya V., Sloutsky A., Bloom B. R., Rubin E., J. Mol. Microbiol., 2004, 53, 275–282.
. Fre´nois F., Baulard A. R., Villeret, V., Tuberculosis, 2006, 86, 110–114.
. Fre´nois F., Engohang-Ndong, J., Locht C., Baulard A. R., Villeret, V., Mol. Cell, 2004, 16, 301–307.
. Ferrero L., Cameron B., Manse B., Lagneaux D., Crouzet J., Famechon A., Blanche, Mol. Microbiol., 1994, 13, 641.
. Miyazaki E., Miyazaki M., Chem J. M., Chaisson R. E., Bishai W. R., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 85.
. Cardenosa O., Soto-Hernandez J. L., Chemotherapy, 2000, 46, 379.
. Del’Alamo L., Sampaio J., Miranda E. A., Sader H. S., Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 1999, 3, 215.
. Gillepsie S. H., Billington O., J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1999, 44, 393.
. Baohong J. I., Lounis N., Maslo C., Truffot-Pernot C., Bonnafous P., Grosset J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998, 42, 2066.
. Woodcock J. M., Andrews J. M., Boswell F. J., Brenwald N. P., Wise R., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1997, 41, 101.
. Adams, L. B., Sinha, I., Franzblau, G. S., Krahenbuhl J.L., Mehta R. T., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 1638–1643.
. Oliva B., O’Neill A. J., Miller K., Stubbings W., Chopra I. J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2004, 53, 435–440.
. Field S.K., Cowie R.L., Chest, 2003, 124(4), 1482-1786.
. Reddy V.M., Srinivasan S., Gangadharam P.R., Tuber. Lung Dis., 1994, 75(3), 208-212.
. Reddy V.M., Nadadhur G., Daneluzzi D., O’ Sullivan J.F., Gangadharam P.R., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1996, 40(3), 633-636.
. Watt B., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1997, 39, 567-574.
. Bryskier A., Butzler J.P., Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, 7th edition, 1997, 377-393.
. Casal M., Guitierezz J., Gonzalez J., Ruiz P., Tubercle, 1987, 68, 141-143.
. Brown B.A., Wallace R.J., Onyi G.O., De R. V., Wallace R.J., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1992, 36, 180-184.
. Rastogi N., Goh K.S., Bryskier A., J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1993, 37, 1560-1562.
. Heifets L.B., Tuber. Lung Dis., 1996, 77, 19-26.
. Bottger E.C., Trends Microbio., 1994, 2, 416-421.
. Rodriguez A. D., Ramirez C., Rodriguez I. I., Gonzalez E., Org. Lett., 1999, 1, 527.
. Rodriguez A. D., Ramirez C., J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64, 100.
. Rodriguez A. D., Ramirez C., Rodriguez I. I., Barnes C. L., J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 1390.
. Roy B. N., Karnik M. A., Shankaran R., J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 2002, 79, 320-335.
. Biedenbach D. J., Sutton L. D., Jones R. N., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1995, 39, 2325-2330.
. Zhao B. Y., Pine R., Domagala J., Drlica K., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 661-666.
. McKee T.C. et al, J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61(10), 1252-1256.
. Pharma-Transfer, 2000, pub.4/4, Abstract ID infepta59-190400.htm(http:/www.pharma-transfer.com/pharmat/welcome).
. Currens M.J. et al, J. of Pharmacol. & Exp. Ther., 1996, 279(2), 645-651.
. Dharmaratne H.R. et al, Planta Medica, 1998, 64(5), 460-461.
. Galinis D.L. et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39(22), 4507-4510.
. Xu Z-Q, Lin Y-M, Flavin M., Pat.WO 200021514-A2.
. Spino C., Dodier M., Sotheeswaran S., Bioorg. Med. Chem.. Lett., 1998, 8(24),3475-3478.
. Personal Communications, Sarawak Medichem Pharmaceuticals representative to Drs T. Imamura and C. Morel.
. Ashtekar D.R. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1993, 37(2), 183-186.
. R & D Focus, update date19970310.
. Jagannath C., Emanuele M.R., Hunter R.L., Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother., 1999, 43(12), 2898-2903.
. Personal communications, CytRx Corporation representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Diekema D.J., Jones R.N., Drugs, 2000, 59(1), 7-16.
. Corti G., Cinelli R., Paradisi F., International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2000, 16(4), 527-530.
. Zurenko G.E., Yagi B. H., Allison J. W. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1996, 40, 839-845.
. Swaney S. M., Ayoki H., Ganoza C., Shinabarger D. L., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998, 42, 3251-3255.
. Exp. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 1999, 8, 1195-1202.
. Aoki H., Ke L., Poppe S. M. et al, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2002, 46, 1080-1085.
. Colca J. R., McDonald W. G., Waldon D. J., et al , J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 21972-21979.
. Hutchinson D. K., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2003, 3, 1021-1042.
. Nilius A. M., Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2003, 4, 149-155.
. Barbachyn M.R. et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39(3), 680-656.
. Cyanamon M.H. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 39(3), 1189- 1191.
. Reddy V.M., Nadadhur G., Daneluzzi D., O’ Sullivan J. F. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1996, 40(3), 633-636.
. R & D Focus, update date 1995/02/27.
. Sun Z., Zhang Y., Tubercle and Lung disease, 1999, 79(5), 319-320.
. Groll A.H., Walsh T.J., Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 1997, 10, 449-458.
. Cruthers L.R., Linenheimer W.H., Maplesden D.C., Am. J. of Vet. Res., 1979, 40(5), 676-678.
. Dickinson J.M., Mitchison D.A., Tubercle, 1987, 68, 177-182.
. Dickinson J.M., Mitchison D.A., Tubercle, 1987, 68, 183-193.
. R & D Focus, update date 1997/01/27
.Williams A, Hall Y, Orme IM. Evaluation of new vaccines for tuberculosis in the guinea pig model. Tuberculosis 2009;89:389–397.
. Barman Balfour J.A., Lamb H.M., Drugs, 2000, 59(1), 115-139.
. Reported by Pireh D., ID Weekly Highlights, 2000, October, 32-33.
. Ji B., Lounis N., Maslo C. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1998, 42(8), 2066-2069.
. Miyazaki E., Miyazaki M., Chen J. M. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(1), 85-89.
. Sullivan J.T. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(11), 2793-2797.
. Nakashima M. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1995, 39(1), 170-174.
. Personal communication, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Milatovic D. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(4), 1102-1107.
. Milatovic D. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(4), 1102-1107.
. Tomioka H. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(12), 3001-3004.
. Saito H. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1994, 38(12), 2877-2882.
. Houston A.K., Jones R.N., Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 1994, 18(1), 57-59.
. ID Weekly Highlights, August 2000, 43.
. R & D Focus, update date, 20000207.
. Allen A. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(6), 1604-1608.
. Ruiz-Serrano M.J. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44(9), 2567-2568.
. Takhata M. et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, 43(5), 1077-1084.
. Personal communication, Toyoma representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Bruzzese T. et al, Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2000, 50(1), 60-71.
. Strippoli V. et al, Il, Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 1988, 43(7-8), 619-625.
. Potkar C. et al, Chemotherapy, 1999, 45(3), 147-153.
. Kelkar M.S. et al, International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research, 1998, 18(3), 137-143.
. Personal communication, SPA representative to Dr. T. Imamura.
. Saito H., Tomioka H., Sato K., Emori M., Yamane T., Yamashita K., Hosoe K., Hidaka T., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1991, 35, 542-547.
. Robin P.M., Reznik T., Kutlin A., Hammerschlag M.R., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2003, 47(3), 1135-1136.
. Tomioka H., J. Infect. Chemother., 2000, 6(1), 8-20.
. (a) Dhople A.M., Arzeimittelforschung, 2001, 51(6), 501-505. (b) Dhople A.M., Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2001, 17(1) 57-61. (c) Tomioka H., Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz), 2000, 48(3), 183-188.
. Yamane T. et al, Chem. and Pharm. Bull., Tokyo, 1993, 41(1), 148-155.
. Hidaka T., Kekkaku, 1999, 74(1), 53-61.
. R & D Focus, update date 19990315.
. Personal communication, Kaneka representation to Dr. T. Imamura
. Ehlers S. et al, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, 1996, 284(2-3), 218-2131.
. R & D Focus, update date 1999/08/16.
. Whitehead T.C. et al, Europeon Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1998, 17(11), 794-797.
. Held H. R., Landi S., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1980, 69(11), 1284-1287.
. Peloquin C. A. et al, Pharmacotherapy, 1994, 14(4), 415-23.
. R & D focus, update date 1994/09/05.
. Dlugovitzky D. et al, Respiratory Medicine, 1999, 93(8), 557-562.
. R & D Focus, update date 2000/04/10.
. Andries K., Verhasselt et al, Science, 2005, 307, 223-227.
. Cole, S. T. Alzari, P. M., Science, 2005, 307, 214-21.
. (a) Chauhan L. S., Arora V. K., Indiand. Pediatr., 2004, 41(9), 901-905 (b) Smart et al, Abstr. No. 106, 13th conference on Retroviruses & Opportunistic Infections (CROI), Denver, Co, 5-8 Feb. 2006.
. Stover C.K. et al, Nature, 2000, 405(6789), 962-966
. Manjunatha U. H., Boshoff H., Dowd C. S., Zhang L., Albert T. J., Norton J. E.,Daniels L., Dick T., Pang S. S., Barry C. E., 3rd. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006,
103, 431–436.
. Matsumoto M, Hashizume H, Tomishige T, Kawasaki M, Tsubouchi H, Sasaki H, Shimokawa Y, Komatsu M. OPC67683, a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative with promising action against tuberculosis in vitro and in mice. PLoS Med 2006;3:2131–2144. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00401271.
. Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of OPC-67683 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 2007
. A placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial to evaluate OPC 67683 in patients with pulmonary sputum culture-positive, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). 2011 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00685360
. Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) in multidrug-resistant (MDR) refractive tuberculosis. 2011, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01131351.
. Rustomjee R, Diacon AH, Allen J, Venter A, Reddy C, Patientia RF, Mthiyane TC, De Marez T, Heeswijk R,KerstensR,Koul A, De BeuleK, Donald PR, McNeeleyDF. Early bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of the diarylquinoline TMC207 in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:2831–2835.
. Dhillon J, Andries K, Phillips PPJ, Mitchison DA. Bactericidal activity of the diarylquinoline TMC207 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis outside and within cells. Tuberculosis 2010;90: 301– 305.
. De Souza MVN, Vasconcelos TRA, de AlmeidaMV,Cardoso SH. Fluoroquinolones:Animportant class of antibiotics against tuberculosis. Curr Med Chem 2006;13: 455–463.
. Mitchison, D. A., Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 863-865
. Mitchison, D. A., Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 10-15.
. Mitchison, D. A., Tubercle, 1985, 66, 219-225.
. Farmer P., Bayona J., Becerra M., Furin J., Henry C. Hiatt, H.,Kim, J. Y., Mitnick C., Nardell E., Shin S., Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 869-876.
. Pablos-Mendez A., Raviglione M. C., Laszlo A., Binkin N., Rieder H. L., Bustreo F.,
Cohn D. L., Lambregts-Van Weezenbeek, C. S., Kim, S. J., Chaulet, P.,Nunn, P. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 338, 1641-1649.
. Chan-Tack, K. M., N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 339, 1079, discussion 1080.
. (a) Sharma A.K., Khuller G.K., DNA vaccines: Immunol. Cell. Biol., 2110, 79(6) 537-546. (b) Loddenkemper R., Sagebiel D., Brendel A., Eur. Respir. J., 2002, 36(Suppl.) 66-77.
. Deretic V., Fratti R.A., Mol. Microbiol., 1999, 31(6), 1603–1609.
. Russell D.G., J. Vet. Med. Educ., 2003, 30, 140–142
. Roth A., Schaberg T., Mauch H., Eur. Respir. J., 1997, 10(8), 877-891.
. Srivastava, N., Anil Kumar, K. S., Sinha, S., Srivastava, R., and Dikshit D.K., Anti-Infective Agents, 2012, 10, 6-14.
. Freire Marie C., Global Forum update on Research for Health, Volume 2, 171-173.
. Tripathi, R. P., Tiwari, V. K., Tiwari, N., Katiyar, D., Saxena, N., Sinha, S., Gaikwad, A., Srivastava, A., Chaturvedi, V., Manju, Y. K., Srivastava R., and Srivastava. B. S., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 13 (2005) 5668–5679.
. Tripathi, R. P., Saxena, N., Tiwari, V. K., Verma, S. S., Chaturvedi, V., Manju, Y. K., Srivastava, A. K., Gaikwad A., and Sinha. S., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14 (2006) 8186–8196.
. Laurenzi, M., Ginsberg, A., Spigelman, M., Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, 2007, 7, 105-119.
. Anand, N., Upadhyaya, K., Tripathi, R. P., Chemistry & Biology Interface, 2015, 5, 2, 84-127
. Pandey R., Khuller GK., J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2004, 54, 266-268.
. Gelperina S., Kisich K., Iseman MD. et al. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005, 172, 1487-1490.
. Pandey R., Zahoor A, Sharma S. et al. Tuberculosis (Edinb.) 2003, 83, 373-378.
. Nuermberger EL., Spigelman MK., Yew WW., Respirology., 2010 15, 764-778.
. Anisimova YV., Gelperina S., Peloquin C. et al. J. Nanoparticle Res., 2000, 2, 165- 171.
. Barrow EL., Winchester GA., Staas JK. et al. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998, 42, 2682-2689.
. Fawaz F., Bonini F., Maugein J., et al., Int. J. Pharm., 1998, 168, 255-259.
. Grosset J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2003, 47, 833-836.
. Pandey R., Khuller GK., J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2005, 55, 430-435.
. Fiegel J., Garcia-Contreras L., Thomas M. et al. Pharm. Res., 2008, 25, 805-811.
. Garcia-Contreras L., Sung JC., Muttil P,. et al. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2010, 54, 1436-1442.
. Garcia-Contreras L., Fiegel J., Telko MJ., et al.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007, 51, 2830-2836.
Crossmark
Statistics
372 Views | 418 Downloads
How to Cite
1.
Saxena N, Srivastava N, Shukla P, Tripathi GK. The Drug Discovery Development for Treatment of Tuberculosis. JDDT [Internet]. 15Jun.2019 [cited 19Apr.2024];9(3-s):802-19. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/2777
Section
Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.