Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of “Phog”- Calligonum polygonoides L.
Abstract
Calligonum polygonoides (Phog) belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is a geographically widely distributed shrub seen from the arctic to the tropics. This endangered plant (included in Red data book of IUCN) is morphologically having stem with nodes and internodes, white flowers in spike inflorescence and needle like leaves. It is traditionally used to stabilize sand dunes, as fuel, and in treatment of heat-stroke by mixing with curd or “Rayata”. It is also reported as antidote for opium poisoning. Various phyto-chemicals present include butanolides- calligonolides A and B, various flavanoids like kaempferol, quercetin and their derivatives. Various steroidal compounds are reported in roots. Pharmacologicallly, its cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal and biosorbent potentials are reported by various researchers. Therefore, an attempt has been made to accumulate properties of this potential herb.
Keywords: Calligonum, Phog, biosorbent, heat-stroke, calligonolides, kaempferol
Downloads
References
2. Khan T. Conservation of Biodiversity in Western India. Environment. 1997; 17:283–7.
3. Saxena S, Singh S. Some observations of the sand dunes and vegetation of Bikaner district in Western Rajasthan. Ann Arid Zone. 1976; 15:313–22.
4. Bewal S, Sharma SK, Rao SR. Analysis of Intra-specific Genetic Variation in Calligonum polygonoides L. (Polygonaceae)—A Keystone Species of Indian Desert. Cytologia (Tokyo). 2008; 73(4):411–23.
5. Belsky AJ, Amundson RG, Duxbury JM, Riha SJ, Ali AR, Mwonga SM. The effect of trees on their physical, chemical and biological environments in a semi-arid savanna in Kenya. J Appl Ecol. 1989; 26:1005–24.
6. Garcia ME, Mckell CM. Contribution of shrubs to the nitrogen economy of a desertwash plant community. Ecology. 1970; 51:81–8.
7. Kellman M. Soil enrichment by Neotropical savanna trees. J Ecol. 1979; 67:565–77.
8. Brandbyge J. Polygonaceae. In: Kubitzki K, Rohwer J, Bittrich, editors. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Berlin: springer-Verlag; 1993.
9. Kumar M, Tiwari M, Mohil P, Bharti V, Jain U. Calligonum Polygonoides Linn : an Important Rare Shrub Species in Thar Desert of India. 2015; 4(2):63–6.
10. Shetty B, Singh V. Flora of India series 2, Flora of Rajasthan. Bot Surv India. 1991; 2:744–55.
11. Bhandari M. Biodiversity of Indian desert. In: Taxonomy and Biodiversity. Delhi: CBS Publishers; 1995. p. 29–43.
12. Raju AJS, Raju VK, Victor P, Naidu SA. Floral ecology, breeding systemand pollination in Antigonon leptopus L. (Polygonaceae). Plant Spec Biol 1. 2001; 16:159–64.
13. Bewal S, Sharma SK, Parida A, Shivam S, Rao SR, Kumar A. Utilization of RAPD marker to analyze natural genetic variation in Calligonum polygonoides L. - A key stone species of Thar desert. Int J Integr Biol. 2009; 5(3):148–51.
14. Katewa SS, Galav PK. Traditional herbal medicines from Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2005; 4(3):237–45.
15. Wahid A. Physiological significance of morpho-anatomical features of xerophytes. J Biol Sci. 2003; 2:207–12.
16. Al-Khalifah S, Khan PR, Al-Abdulkader AM, Nasroun T. Impact of water stress on the sapwood anatomy and functional morphology of Calligonum species. J Agron 3(2) 299-312. 2006; 3(2):299–312.
17. Bibi H, Afzal M, Muhammad A, Kamal M, Ullah I, Ur Rahman I, et al. Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Some Monocot Xerophytes of District Karak, Pakistan. Middle-East J Sci Res. 2014; 22(6):843–50.
18. Yawer MA, Ahmed E, Malik A, Ashraf M, Rasool MA, Afza N. New lipoxygenase-inhibiting constituents from Calligonum polygonoides. Chem Biodivers. 2007; 4(7):1578–85.
19. Ahmed H, Moawad A, Owis A, AbouZid S, Ahmed O. Flavonoids of Calligonum polygonoides and their cytotoxicity. Pharm Biol. 2016; 54(10):2119–26.
20. Samejo MQ, Memon S, Bhanger MI, Khan KM. Essential oil constituents in fruit and stem of Calligonum polygonoides. Vol. 45, Industrial Crops and Products. 2013. p. 293–5.
21. Badria FA, Ameen M, Akl MR. Evaluation of cytotoxic compounds from Calligonum comosum L. growing in Egypt. Zeitschrift fur Naturforsch - Sect C J Biosci. 2007; 62(9–10):656–60.
22. Samejo MQ, Memon S, Bhanger MI, Khan KM. Isolation and characterization of steroids from calligonum polygonoides. J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2013; 6(3):346–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.03.017
23. Samejo MQ, Memon S, Bhanger MI, Khan KM. Chemical composition of essential oil from Calligonum polygonoides Linn. Nat Prod Res. 2013; 27(7):619–23.
24. Handa S, Rakesh D, Vasisht K. Compendium of medicinal and aromatic plants: ASIA. ICS UNIDO Asia. 2006; 426.
25. Liu XM, Zakaria MNM, Islam MW, Radhakrishnan R, Ismail A, Chen HB, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity of Calligonum comosum in rats. Fitoterapia. 2001; 72(5):487–91.
26. Khan A, Khan RA, Ahmed M, Mushtaq N. In vitro antioxidant, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Calligonum polygonoides. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2015; 10(2):316–20.
27. Nasrullah A, Khan H, Khan AS, Man Z, Muhammad N, Khan MI, et al. Potential biosorbent derived from Calligonum polygonoides for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. Sci World J. 2015; 2015:1–11.
28. Ramawat K. Herbal drugs: Ethnomedicine to modern medicine. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2009.
29. Tao L, Ren J, Liu X. Study on water-absorbing model of two Calligonum species seeds. J Arid L Res Environ. 2000; 14:89–91.
30. Singh V, Pandey R. Ethenobotany of Rajasthan, India. 1998. 4, 64, 80, 237, 270 p.
31. Kumar S, Parveen F, Goyal S, Chauhan A. Indigenous herbal coolants for combating heat stress in the hot Indian Arid Zone. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2008; 7(4):679–82.
32. Choudhary S, Goyal M. Nutritional composition of Phog (Calliogum polygonoides), A potential Arid Food in Rajasthan. Curr Agric. 2003; 27(1–2):53–5.
33. Goyal M, Sharma SK. Traditional wisdom and value addition prospects of arid foods of desert region of North West India. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2009; 8(4):581–5.
34. Arora J, Goyal S, Ramawat KG. Desert Plants. 2010; 3–8. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-02550-1
35. Singh A. Endangered economic species of Indian desert. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2004; 51:371–80.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).