Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaves extracts and oil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ethanol, Hexane and Chloroform leaf extracts of O. sanctum against pathogenic bacteria to determine their potentials as antibacterial agent. Ocimum sanctum Linn known as Holy Basil is an aromatic plant native to the tropics of Asia and Africa being medicinally important plant in the family Lamiaceae. The family Lamiaceae is one of the most exploited medicinal plant family worldwide not only as a source of medicinal plants but also with its valuable essential oils being used as spices and flavours for various food products. Leaves have petioles, and are ovate, up to 5 cm long, usually slightly toothed. Leaves were separated from the stem, washed in clear water and dried until they were adequately dry to be ground (dried for 7 days). Dried leaves were powdered separately in an electric grinder until a homogenous powder was obtained. Ethanolic, Hexane, Chloroform extract was prepared from the powder obtained using “cold extraction method. The activity of Tulsi extract against K. pneumonia & Staphylococcus aureus was found to be higher at a concentration of 100% followed by 75% & 50% respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 21&11mm against Kleibsiella pneumonia and 18&15mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum leaves indicates that the plant possesses potent antimicrobial properties as well as Ocimum is widespread in India, it can be recommended as an easily available and renewal source of antimicrobial agent instead of synthetic chemicals.
Keywords: Ocimum santum, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsialla pneumonia, Disc Diffusion
Downloads
References
2. Eswar P, Devaraj CG, Agarwal P; Anti-microbial Activity of Tulsi {Ocimum Sanctum (Linn.)} Extract on a Periodontal Pathogen in Human Dental Plaque: An Invitro Study; Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10(3):ZC53-ZC56.
3. Ali H, Dixit S; In vitro antimicrobial activity of flavanoids of Ocimum sanctum with synergistic effect of their combined form; Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2012; S396-S398.
4. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV, Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other Plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol. 1999; 86:985-990.
5. Singh V, Amdekar S, Verma O, Ocimum Sanctum (tulsi): Biopharmacological activities. Web Med Cent. Pharmacolo. 2010; 1:1-7.
6. Govind P, Madhuri S, Autochthonous herbal products in the treatment of cancer. Phytomedica. 2006; 7:99-104.
7. Rahal A, Singh V, Mehra D, Rajesh S, Ahmad AH, Prophylactic efficacy of Podophyllum hexandrum in alleviation of immobilization stress induced oxidative damage in rats. J Nat Prod 2009; 4:110-115.
8. Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Shafi M.P. and, Kaniampady M. M. Chemotaxonomical analysis of the essential oil aroma compounds of four different Ocimum species from southern India. European Food Research and Technology, 2003; 217(2):120-124.
9. Malima, S. M., Massaga, J. J., Malecela, M. N. and Andrew, Y. Repellence effectiveness of essential oils from some Tanzanian Ocimum and Hyptis plant species against afrotropical vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013; 7(11):653-660.
10. Kaya, I., Yiğit N and Benli, M. Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008; 5(4):363-369.
11. Baliga, M. S., Jimmy, R., Thilakchand, K. R., Sunitha, V., Bhat, N. R., Saldanha, E. and Palatty, P. L. Ocimum sanctum L (Holy Basil or Tulsi) and its phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Nutrition and cancer, 2013; 65(sup1):26-35.
12. Gadiyar A, Ankola AV, Rajpurohit L; Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum Sanctum L. (Tulsi) Extract against Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus Acidophilus - An in-Vitro Study; Int J Health Sci Res. 2017; 7(4):224-228.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.