MOMORDICA CHARANTIA: FOR TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
Abstract
Momordica charantia is a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, is known as bitter melon, karela, and pare. It grows in tropical areas of the Amazon, , Asia, South America India, East Africa and  Caribbean, and is used traditionally as both food and medicine. The fruit ripens, the flesh (rind) becomes slightly tougher and more bitter, and many think it too repulsive to eat. On the other hand, the pith becomes sweet and intensely red; it can be eaten uncooked in this state, and is a popular part in some Southeast Asian salads .Momordica charantia have provided many remedies for various diseases from ancient days to now a day. It has been used in various Asian traditional medicines for the treatment of cholera, anemia, diarrhea blood diseases, bronchitis, gout, dysentery, gonorrhea rheumatism, ulcer, colic, worms, disease of liver and spleen, cancer and diabetes etc.In preliminary phytochemical analysis we observed glycosides, phytosterols, alkaloids, phenolic, saponins compounds, fats, proteins, and fixed oils, flavonoids, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was also performed. The medicinal values of Bitter melon lies in the bioactive phytochemical constituents that are non nutritive chemicals that produce clear-cut physiological effects on human body and protect them from various diseases. Juice of Momordica charantia the leaves used to treat piles totally. Momordica charantia is used as a blood purifier due to its bitter tonic properties.
Keywords: Momordica charantia, medicinal properties, pharmacologyDownloads
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References
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34. Khan BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance, J Clin Investigation. 2000; 106: 473-481.
35. Shetty AK, Kumar GS, Sambaiah K and Salimath PV. Effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) on glycaemic status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats." Plant Foods Human Nutr. 2005; 60: 109-12.
36. Lotlikar MM, Rao MRR. Pharmacology of a hypoglycaemic principle isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia Linn. Ind J Pharmacol. 1966; 28: 129.
37. Zhang QC. Preliminary report on the use of Momordica charantia extract by HIV patients. J Naturopath Med. 1992; 3:65-69.
38. Omoregbe RE, Ikuebe OM, Ihimire IG. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants extracts on Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1996; 25:373- 375.
39. Khan MR, Omoloso AD. Momordica charantia and Allium sativum: broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Korean J Pharmacog. 1998; 29:155-158.
40. Yasui Y, Hosokawa M, Sahara T. Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c, 11t, 13 t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, and PPAR gamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2005; 73:113-119.
41. Lee-Huang S, Huang PL, Sun Y. Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts and HER2 expression by anti-tumor agents GAP31 and MAP30. Anticancer Res. 2000; 20:653-659.
42. http://www.gmanews.tv/story/35962/Ampalaya-tablets- out-soon-for-diabetics.
43. Horax R, Hettiarachchy N and Islam S: Total Phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in four varieties of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts. J Food Sci. 2005; 70.
44. Sathishsekar D and Subramanian S: Antioxidant properties of Momordica Charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2005; 14(2): 153-158.
45. Dhar, P., S. Ghosh and D.K. Bhattacharyya, Dietary effects of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (9 cis, 11 trans, 13 trans) levels on blood lipids and nonenzymatic In vitro lipid peroxidation in rats. Lipids. 1999; 34: 109-114.
46. Cunnick, J.E., K. Sakamoto, S.K. Chapes, G.W. Fortner and D.J. Takemoio,. Induction of tumor cytotoxic immune cells using a protein from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Cell. Immunol. 1990; 126: 278-289.
2. National bitter Melon Council. http://www.bittermelon.org/pages/learn/about_reference.h tml [Accessed July, 3, 2007.
3. Beloin N, Gbeassor M, Akpagana K, Hudson J, de Soussa K, Koumaglo K and Arnason JT: Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96: 49-55.
4. Grover JK and Yadav SP. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia. A Rev J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 93(1): 123-132.
5. Ng TB, Chan WY and Yeung HW. Proteins with abortifacient, ribosome inactivating, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-AIDS activities from Cucurbitaceae plants. Gen Pharmacol. 1992; 23: 579-590.
6. Scartezzini P and Speroni E. Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 71: 23-43.
7. Zafar R, Neerja. Momordica charantia-a review. Hamdard Medicine 1991; 34: 49-61
8. Nazimuddin S, Naqvi SS. Flora of Pakistan No 154, Cucurbitaceae Deptt Botany University Karachi 1984; 56.
9. . Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL 1985; 315-316.
10. . Agrawal M, Kamal R. In vitro clonal propation of Momordica charantia L. Ind J Biotech. 2004; (3): 426-430.
11. Longo D, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison‘s Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. USA: Mcgraw-hill; 2011.
12. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, Jan 2010, 87(1): 4–14.
13. Zimmet P. Globalization, coca-colonization and the chronic disease epidemic: can the Doomsday scenario be averted? J Intern Med, Mar 2000; 247(3): 301–10.
14. Zimmet P, Shaw J, Alberti KGMM. Preventing Type 2 diabetes and the dysmetabolic syndrome in the real world: a realistic view. Diabet Med, Sep. 2003; 20(9): 693–702.
15. Gupta AK, Tandan N, Sharma N. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants, ICMR. 2005, 3:262-270.
16. Indian Medicinal Plants. A Compendium of 500 species, Orient Longman Ltd., Madras 1995; 4: 48-51.
17. Nadkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica. Vol 1, Popular Prakashan .1993; 805-806.
18. Agharkar SP. Medicinal plants of Bombay Presidency. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. 1953.
19. Garau C, Cummings E, Phoenix DA and Singh J. Beneficial effect and mechanism of action of Momordica charantia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus a mini review. Int J Diab Metabol. 2003;11: 46-55.
20. Kumar DS, Sharathnath KV, Yogeswaran P, Harani A, Sudhakar K, Sudha P and Banji D. A medicinal potency of Momordica charantia. Int J Pharmaceu Sci Rev Res. 2010;1(2): 95
21. Jagessar RC, Mohamed A and Gomes G: An evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Momordica Charantia against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nat Sci. 2008; 6(1).
22. Jadhav D. Medicinal plants of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh 2008, 213-214.
23. Braca A, Siciliano T, D’Arrigo M, Germano MP, Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia seed essential oil. Fitoter. 2008; 79: 123-125.
24. (www.rain-tree.com\bittermelon.html)
25. Grover JK and Yadav SP. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia. A Rev J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 93(1): 123-132.
26. Bitter melon – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_melon. [Accessed July, 2, 2007.
27. Murakami T, Emoto A, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal food stuffs. Part XXI. Structures of new cucuritane type triterpene glycosides, goyaglycosides -a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f,-g, and -h, and new oleanane- type triterpene saponins, goyasaponins І, II and III. From the fresh fruit of Japanese momordica charantia L, Chemi Pharma Bull. 2001, 49:54-63.
28. Prakash A, NG TB, Tso WW. Purification and characterization of charantin, a napin like ribosome-inactivating peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds, J Peptide Res. 2002; 59:197-202.
29. Head KA. Herbal remedies that may help control blood sugar.In: Bratman S, Kroll D. The Natural Pharmacist, Everything You Need to Know About Diabetes. New York, NY: Prima Publications, Inc. 1999; 51-53.
30. Brinker FJ. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR:Eclectic Medical Publications. 1998.P.251
31. Head KA. Herbal remedies that may help control blood sugar.In: Bratman S, Kroll D. The Natural Pharmacist, Everything You Need to Know About Diabetes. New York, NY: Prima Publications, Inc. 1999, 53-58.
32. Kumar DS, Sharathnath KV, Yogeswaran P, Harani A, Sudhakar K, Sudha P and Banji D. A medicinal potency of Momordica charantia. Int J Pharmaceu Sci Rev Res. 2010; 1(2): 95.13.
33. Virdia J, Sivakamia S, Shahanib S, Sutharc AC, Banavalikar MM and Biyanic MK .Antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts from Momordica charantia." J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 88(1): 107-11.
34. Khan BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance, J Clin Investigation. 2000; 106: 473-481.
35. Shetty AK, Kumar GS, Sambaiah K and Salimath PV. Effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) on glycaemic status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats." Plant Foods Human Nutr. 2005; 60: 109-12.
36. Lotlikar MM, Rao MRR. Pharmacology of a hypoglycaemic principle isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia Linn. Ind J Pharmacol. 1966; 28: 129.
37. Zhang QC. Preliminary report on the use of Momordica charantia extract by HIV patients. J Naturopath Med. 1992; 3:65-69.
38. Omoregbe RE, Ikuebe OM, Ihimire IG. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants extracts on Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1996; 25:373- 375.
39. Khan MR, Omoloso AD. Momordica charantia and Allium sativum: broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Korean J Pharmacog. 1998; 29:155-158.
40. Yasui Y, Hosokawa M, Sahara T. Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c, 11t, 13 t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, and PPAR gamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2005; 73:113-119.
41. Lee-Huang S, Huang PL, Sun Y. Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts and HER2 expression by anti-tumor agents GAP31 and MAP30. Anticancer Res. 2000; 20:653-659.
42. http://www.gmanews.tv/story/35962/Ampalaya-tablets- out-soon-for-diabetics.
43. Horax R, Hettiarachchy N and Islam S: Total Phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in four varieties of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts. J Food Sci. 2005; 70.
44. Sathishsekar D and Subramanian S: Antioxidant properties of Momordica Charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2005; 14(2): 153-158.
45. Dhar, P., S. Ghosh and D.K. Bhattacharyya, Dietary effects of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (9 cis, 11 trans, 13 trans) levels on blood lipids and nonenzymatic In vitro lipid peroxidation in rats. Lipids. 1999; 34: 109-114.
46. Cunnick, J.E., K. Sakamoto, S.K. Chapes, G.W. Fortner and D.J. Takemoio,. Induction of tumor cytotoxic immune cells using a protein from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Cell. Immunol. 1990; 126: 278-289.
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Ahmad N, Hasan N, Ahmad Z, Zishan M, Zohrameena S. MOMORDICA CHARANTIA: FOR TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS. JDDT [Internet]. 14Mar.2016 [cited 25Apr.2024];6(2):40-4. Available from: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/1202
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